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arXiv 2108.02876quant-ph
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有限测量资源下的量子位量子精密测量

Qubit Quantum Metrology with Limited Measurement Resources

Jason Saunders, Jean-Francois Van Huele

摘要:

量子资源,如纠缠,可以降低参数估计过程的不确定性,超出经典可能的范围。这种现象是很好地描述了无噪声系统与渐近许多测量资源的量子Cramer-Rao界,但没有一般的描述存在的制度有限的测量资源。我们解决这个问题,通过定义一个贝叶斯量词的不确定性,适合有限资源的制度,并通过开发一个数学描述的参数估计过程,使用量子位探针,以估计它们引起的旋转角度。我们模拟的量子比特估计方案在有限的资源使用一个单一的类的探测状态的政权。我们发现,在无噪声系统中,量子比特之间的纠缠总是降低估计的不确定性,然而,量子优势减少的估计中使用较少的量子比特。我们还发现,强退相噪声的存在完全消除了量子优势,无论使用的量子位探针的数量。

英文摘要:

Quantum resources, such as entanglement, can decrease the uncertainty of a parameter-estimation procedure beyond what is classically possible. This phenomenon is well described for noiseless systems with asymptotically many measurement resources by the Quantum Cramer-Rao Bound, but no general description exists for the regime of limited measurement resources. We address this problem by defining a Bayesian quantifier for uncertainty suitable for the regime of limited resources, and by developing a mathematical description for a parameter-estimation procedure which uses qubit probes to estimate a rotation angle induced on them. We simulate the qubit estimation scheme in the regime of limited resources using a single class of probe states. We find that, in noiseless systems, entanglement between qubits always decreases the uncertainty of the estimation; however, the quantum advantage decreases as fewer qubits are used in the estimation. We also find that the presence of strong dephasing noise removes the quantum advantage completely, regardless of the number of qubit probes used.

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