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arXiv 2108.01130astro-ph.HE
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天鹅座X-1的AstroSat和MAXI视图:“极端”柔软性质的特征

AstroSat and MAXI view of Cygnus X-1: Signature of an `extreme' soft nature

Ankur Kushwaha, V. K. Agrawal, Anuj Nandi

摘要:

我们提出了一个详细的光谱和时序分析天鹅座X-1与多历元观测,在$2016$ $2019$,由SXT和LAXPC板载AstroSat。我们模拟了$0.5\!-\!70.0\,\rm{keV}$在宽能区的光谱,研究了天鹅座X-1在2017年从硬态经中间态转变为极软态时光谱性质的演化。同时时序功能也检查通过建模的功率密度谱$3.0\!-\!50.0\,\rm{keV}$。我们发现,在高软状态的观测,由AstroSat 10月$24,\,2017$(MJD $58050$),源的能谱表现出内部磁盘温度(千吨$\rm_{in}$)的$0.46\!\pm\!0.01\,\rm{keV}$,一个非常陡峭的光子指数($Γ$)的$3.15\!\pm\!0.03$随着分数盘通量贡献的$\sim\!45\%$。在$0.006\!-\!50.0\,\rm{Hz}$范围内的功率密度谱也非常陡峭,具有$1.12\!\pm\!0.04$的幂律指数以及$\sim\!25\%$的高RMS值。将高软态的光谱软度与先前报道的光谱软度进行比较,我们证实了{ \it AstroSat}观测到的天鹅座X-1处于“最软”态。$\sim\!0.229$的最低MAXI光谱硬度比证实了其最柔软的特性。此外,我们还用连续拟合的方法估计了黑洞的自旋,表明天鹅座X-1是一个旋转最大的黑洞。此外,进行蒙特卡罗(MC)模拟来估计自旋参数的不确定性,其被约束为具有$3σ$置信区间的$_{\ast}>0.9981$。最后,我们讨论了我们的研究结果的影响。

英文摘要:

We present a detailed spectral and timing analysis of Cygnus X-1 with multi-epoch observations, during $2016$ to $2019$, by SXT and LAXPC on-board AstroSat. We model the spectra in broad energy range of $0.5\!-\!70.0\,\rm{keV}$ to study the evolution of spectral properties while Cygnus X-1 transited from hard state to an extreme soft state via intermediate states in 2017. Simultaneous timing features are also examined by modelling the power density spectra in $3.0\!-\!50.0\,\rm{keV}$ . We find that during high-soft state observations, made by AstroSat on Oct $24,\,2017$ (MJD $58050$), the energy spectrum of the source exhibits an inner disk temperature (kT$\rm_{in}$) of $0.46\!\pm\!0.01\,\rm{keV}$ , a very steep photon index ($Γ$) of $3.15\!\pm\!0.03$ along with a fractional disk flux contribution of $\sim\!45\%$. The power density spectrum in the range of $0.006\!-\!50.0\,\rm{Hz}$ is also very steep with a power-law index of $1.12\!\pm\!0.04$ along with a high RMS value of $\sim\!25\%$. Comparing the spectral softness of high-soft state with those of previously reported, we confirm that {\it AstroSat} observed Cygnus X-1 in the `softest' state. The lowest MAXI spectral hardness ratio of $\sim\!0.229$ corroborates the softest nature of the source. Moreover, we estimate the spin of the black hole by continuum-fitting method, which indicates that Cygnus X-1 is a maximally rotating `hole'. Further, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are performed to estimate the uncertainty in spin parameter, which is constrained as a$_{\ast}>0.9981$ with $3σ$ confidence interval. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings.

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