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arXiv 0910.5344astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO
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微类星体天鹅座X-3中极端粒子加速的发现

Discovery of extreme particle acceleration in the microquasar Cygnus X-3

M. Tavani, A. Bulgarelli, G. Piano, S. Sabatini, E. Striani, Y. Evangelista, A. Trois, G. Pooley, S. Trushkin, N. A. Nizhelskij, M. McCollough, K. I. I. Koljone… 展开作者

M. Tavani, A. Bulgarelli, G. Piano, S. Sabatini, E. Striani, Y. Evangelista, A. Trois, G. Pooley, S. Trushkin, N. A. Nizhelskij, M. McCollough, K. I. I. Koljonen, G. Pucella, A. Giuliani, A. W. Chen, E. Costa, V. Vittorini, M. Trifoglio, F. Gianotti, A. Argan, G. Barbiellini, P. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, V. Cocco, T. Contessi, F. D'Ammando, E. Del Monte, G. De Paris, G. Di Cocco, G. Di Persio, I. Donnarumma, M. Feroci, A. Ferrari, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, C. Labanti, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, P. Lipari, F. Longo, E. Mattaini, M. Marisaldi, M. Mastropietro, A. Mauri, S. Mereghetti, E. Morelli, A. Morselli, L. Pacciani, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, P. Picozza, M. Pilia, M. Prest, M. Rapisarda, A. Rappoldi, E. Rossi, A. Rubini, E. Scalise, P. Soffitta, E. Vallazza, S. Vercellone, A. Zambra, D. Zanello, C. Pittori, F. Verrecchia, P. Giommi, S. Colafrancesco, P. Santolamazza, A. Antonelli, L. Salotti

摘要:

相对论粒子加速的研究是高能天体物理的一个重要课题。众所周知,活跃星系中的大质量黑洞可以将其吸积能量的很大一部分释放到高能粒子中,产生伽马射线和相对论喷流。银河系微类星体(拥有一颗1-10个太阳质量的致密恒星,从双星伴星吸积物质)也会产生相对论喷流。然而,在微类星体抛射中没有直接证据表明粒子加速超过GeV能量,这使得在喷流形成过程中极端物质抛射的发生和时间问题悬而未决。在这里,我们报告的检测瞬态伽马射线发射超过100兆电子伏的微类星体天鹅座X-3,一个特殊的X射线二进制偶尔产生强大的无线电射流。在2007年中/2009年中期间,AGILE卫星同时探测到了天鹅座X-3特殊光谱状态的四次伽马射线耀斑(每次持续1-2天)。我们的观测结果表明,非常有效的粒子加速和伽马射线传播的内部盘的微类星体通常发生在几天前的主要相对论性喷流喷射。耀斑粒子的能量可以比以前探测到的最大值大几千倍(电子和质子的洛伦兹因子分别为105和102)。我们表明,在天鹅座X-3的伽马射线耀斑和粒子加速GeV以上的能量的过渡性质,显然是与特殊的无线电/X射线状态之前,强无线电耀斑。因此,伽马射线提供了独特的洞察力的性质,物理过程中的微类星体。

英文摘要:

The study of relativistic particle acceleration is a major topic of high-energy astrophysics. It is well known that massive black holes in active galaxies can release a substantial fraction of their accretion power into energetic particles, producing gamma-rays and relativistic jets. Galactic microquasars (hosting a compact star of 1-10 solar masses which accretes matter from a binary companion) also produce relativistic jets. However, no direct evidence of particle acceleration above GeV energies has ever been obtained in microquasar ejections, leaving open the issue of the occurrence and timing of extreme matter energization during jet formation. Here we report the detection of transient gamma-ray emission above 100 MeV from the microquasar Cygnus X-3, an exceptional X-ray binary which sporadically produces powerful radio jets. Four gamma-ray flares (each lasting 1-2 days) were detected by the AGILE satellite simultaneously with special spectral states of Cygnus X-3 during the period mid-2007/mid-2009. Our observations show that very efficient particle acceleration and gamma-ray propagation out of the inner disk of a microquasar usually occur a few days before major relativistic jet ejections. Flaring particle energies can be thousands of times larger than previously detected maximum values (with Lorentz factors of 105 and 102 for electrons and protons, respectively). We show that the transitional nature of gamma-ray flares and particle acceleration above GeV energies in Cygnus X-3 is clearly linked to special radio/X-ray states preceding strong radio flares. Thus gamma-rays provide unique insight into the nature of physical processes in microquasars.

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