In this paper we deal with the calculation of the signed (total) Roman domination numbers, $γ_{sR}$ and $γ_{stR}$ respectively, on a few classes of planar graphs from the literature. We give proofs for the exact values of the numbers $γ_{sR}(A_n)$ and $γ_{sR}(R_n)$ as well as the numbers
$γ_{stR}(S_n)$ and $γ_{stR}(T_n)$. For some other classes of planar graphs, such as $Q_n$, %$S_n"$ and $T_n"$, lower and upper bounds on $γ_{sR}$ are calculated and proved. %We give some open problems on the exact values of $γ_{sR}$ and $γ_{stR}$ for some classes of planar graphs.
Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$. A function $f:V(G)\rightarrow \{0,1,2\}$ is a Roman dominating function on $G$ if every vertex $v\in V(G)$ for which $f(v)=0$ is adjacent to at least one vertex $u\in V(G)$ such that $f(u)=2$. The Roman domination number of $G$ is the minimum weight $ω(f)=\sum_{x\in V(G)}f(x)$ among all Roman dominating functions $f$ on $G$. In this article we study the Roman domination number of direct product graphs and rooted product graphs. Specifically, we give several tight lower and upper bounds for the Roman domination number of direct product graphs involving…
Averaging $2$-Rainbow Domination and Roman Domination
对于图$G$，设$γ_{r2}(G)$和$γ_R(G)$分别表示图的$2$ -彩虹控制数和罗马控制数. Fujita和Furuya（Difference between 2-rainbow dominance and Roman dominance in graphs，Discrete Applied Mathematics 161（2013）806-812）证明了$γ_{r2}(G)+γ_R(G)\leq \frac{6}{4}n(G)$对于阶为$n(G)$至少为$3$的连通图$G$。此外，他们证明了$γ_{r2}(G)+γ_R(G)\leq \frac{4}{3}n(G)$的连通图$G$的最小度至少$2$是不同于$C_5$。我们刻画了所有极图的不等式，并证明了它们的猜想。
The middle graph $M(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the graph obtained by subdividing each edge of $G$ exactly once and joining all these newly introduced vertices of adjacent edges of $G$. A perfect Roman dominating function on a graph $G$ is a function $f : V(G) \rightarrow \{0, 1, 2\}$ satisfying the condition that every vertex $v$ with $f(v)=0$ is adjacent to exactly one vertex $u$ for which $f(u)=2$. The weight of a perfect Roman dominating function $f$ is the sum of weights of vertices. The perfect Roman domination number is the minimum weight of a perfect Roman dominating function on $G$. In this…
For a graph G=(V,E), a restrained double Roman dominating function is a function f:V\rightarrow\{0,1,2,3\} having the property that if f(v)=0, then the vertex v must have at least two neighbors assigned 2 under f or one neighbor w with f(w)=3, and if f(v)=1, then the vertex v must have at least one neighbor w with f(w)\geq2, and at the same time, the subgraph G[V_0] which includes vertices with zero labels has no isolated vertex. The weight of a restrained double Roman dominating function f is the sum f(V)=\sum_{v\in V}f(v), and the minimum weight of a restrained double Roman dominating functi…
For a graph $G=(V,E)$ of order $n$, a Roman $\{2\}$-dominating function $f:V\rightarrow\{0,1,2\}$ has the property that for every vertex $v\in V$ with $f(v)=0$, either $v$ is adjacent to a vertex assigned $2$ under $f$, or $v$ is adjacent to least two vertices assigned $1$ under $f$. In this paper, we classify all graphs with Roman $\{2\}$-domination number belonging to the set $\{2,3,4,n-2,n-1,n\}$. Furthermore, we obtain some results about Roman $\{2\}$-domination number of some graph operations.
Upper bounds for double Roman domination and $[k]$-Roman domination of cylindrical graphs $C_m \Box P_n$
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana（卢布尔雅那大学机械工程学院）；Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, Ljubljana（卢布尔雅那数学、物理与力学研究所）；Rudolfovo – Science and Technology Centre, Novo Mesto（诺沃梅斯托鲁多尔福沃科学与技术中心）
For a given graph $G$ without isolated vertex we consider a function $f: V(G) \rightarrow \{0,1,2\}$. For every $i\in \{0,1,2\}$, let $V_i=\{v\in V(G):\; f(v)=i\}$. The function $f$ is known to be an outer-independent total Roman dominating function for the graph $G$ if it is satisfied that; (i) every vertex in $V_0$ is adjacent to at least one vertex in $V_2$; (ii) $V_0$ is an independent set; and (iii) the subgraph induced by $V_1\cup V_2$ has no isolated vertex. The minimum possible weight $ω(f)=\sum_{v\in V(G)}f(v)$ among all outer-independent total Roman dominating functions for $G$ is ca…
Relating $2$-Rainbow Domination to Roman domination
对于图$G$，令$γ_R(G)$和$γ_{r2}(G)$分别表示$G$的罗马控制数和$G$的$2$ -彩虹控制数.已知$γ_{r2}(G)\leq γ_R(G)\leq \frac{3}{2}γ_{r2}(G)$ . Fujita和Furuya（Difference between 2-rainbow dominance and Roman dominance in graphs，Discrete Applied Mathematics 161（2013）806-812）给出了图$G$的某种表征，其中$γ_R(G)-γ_{r2}(G)=k$针对某个整数$k$。不幸的是，他们的结果并没有导致一个算法，允许有效地识别这些图形。我们证明了对于每个固定的非负整数$k$，连通无$K_4$图$G$与$γ_R(G)-γ_{r2}(G)=k$的识别是NP-困难的，这意味着这些图很可能没有好的刻画.我们刻画了图$G$，使得$G$的每个导出子图$H$都有$γ_{r2}(H)=γ_R(H)$，并收集了图$G$有$γ_R(G)=\frac{3}{2}γ_{r2}(G)$的几个性质.
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph of order $n$ and let $γ_{R}(G)$ and $\partial (G)$ denote the Roman domination number and the differential of $G,$ respectively. In this paper we prove that for any integer $k\geq 0$, if $G$ is a graph of order $n\geq 6k+9$, minimum degree $δ\geq 2,$ which does not contain any induced $\{C_{5},C_{8},\ldots ,C_{3k+2}\}$% -cycles, then $γ_{R}(G)\leq \frac{(4k+8)n}{6k+11}$. This bound is an improvement of the bounds given in [E.W. Chambers, B. Kinnersley, N. Prince, and D.B. West, Extremal problems for Roman domination, SIAM J. Discrete Math. 23 (2009) 1575--1586] when $k…
Let $G=(V(G),E(G))$ be a simple graph. A restrained double Roman dominating function (RDRD-function) of $G$ is a function $f: V(G) \rightarrow \{0,1,2,3\}$ satisfying the following properties: if $f(v)=0$, then the vertex $v$ has at least two neighbours assigned 2 under $f$ or one neighbour $u$ with $f(u)=3$; and if $f(v)=1$, then the vertex $v$ must have one neighbor $u$ with $f(u) \geq 2$; the induced graph by vertices assigned 0 under $f$ contains no isolated vertex. The weight of a RDRD-function $f$ is the sum $f(V)=\sum_{v \in V(G)} f(v)$, and the minimum weight of a RDRD-function on $G$ …
Given a graph $G=(V,E)$, a function $f:V\rightarrow \{0,1,2\}$ is a total Roman $\{2\}$-dominating function if: (1) every vertex $v\in V$ for which $f(v)=0$ satisfies that $\sum_{u\in N(v)}f(u)\geq 2$, where $N(v)$ represents the open neighborhood of $v$, and (2) every vertex $x\in V$ for which $f(x)\geq 1$ is adjacent to at least one vertex $y\in V$ such that $f(y)\geq 1$. The weight of the function $f$ is defined as $ω(f)=\sum_{v\in V}f(v)$. The total Roman $\{2\}$-domination number, denoted by $γ_{t\{R2\}}(G)$, is the minimum weight among all total Roman $\{2\}$-dominating functions on $G$.…
Different types of domination on the Sierpiński graphs S(K_n,t) will be studied in this paper. More precisely, we propose a minimal dominating set for S(K_n,t) so that the exact values of their domination numbers, Roman domination numbers, and double Roman domination numbers are given. As applications, some previous bounds and results are confirmed to be tight and further generalized.
$[k]$-Roman domination on cylindrical grids $C_m \Box P_n$
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana（卢布尔雅那大学机械工程学院）；Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics（数学、物理与力学研究所）；Rudolfovo – Science and Technology Centre（鲁多尔福沃科学与技术中心）
On the weak Roman domination number of lexicographic product graphs
一个图$G=(V,E)$的顶点$v$被称为关于一个函数$f: V \longrightarrow \{0,1,2\}$是不设防的，如果对于每个与$v$相邻的顶点$u$，有$f(v)=0$和$f(u)=0$。我们称函数$f$为弱罗马控制函数，如果对于每个$v$，使得$f(v)=0$，存在一个与$v$相邻的顶点$u$，使得$f(u)\in \{1,2\}$和由$f'(v)=1$，$f'(u)=f(u)-1$和$f'(z)=f(z)$定义的函数$f': V \longrightarrow \{0,1,2\}$，对于每个$z\in V \setminus\{u,v\}$，没有不设防的顶点。$f$的重量为$w(f)=\sum_{v\in V(G) }f(v)$。图$G$的弱罗马控制数，记作$γ_r(G)$，是$G$上所有弱罗马控制函数中的最小权。Henning和Hedetniemi [Discrete Math.266（2003）239-251]表明，计算$γ_r(G)$的问题是NP难的，即使限制在二分图或弦图上。这表明找到$γ_r(G)$的特殊类的图或获得良好的界限，这个不变。本文利用因子图的不变量，得到了字典序积图的弱罗马控制数的封闭公式和紧界。
Further results on \([k]\)-Roman domination on cylindrical grids \(C_m \Box P_n\)
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana（卢布尔雅那大学机械工程学院）；Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, Ljubljana（卢布尔雅那数学、物理与力学研究所）；Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana（卢布尔雅那大学数学与物理学院）；Rudolfovo – Science and Technology Centre, Novo Mesto（诺沃梅斯托鲁道尔福沃科学与技术中心）
