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arXiv 2107.04848gr-qc
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旋转玻色星中试验粒子的运动

Motion of test particle in rotating boson star

Yu-Peng Zhang, Yan-Bo Zeng, Yong-Qiang Wang, Shao-Wen Wei, Yu-Xiao Liu

AI总结:

本文研究试验粒子在旋转玻色星时空中的测地线运动,发现高相对论旋转状态下粒子在中心区域停留更久,并探讨了银河系中心玻色星的可观测效应。

摘要:

试验粒子的运动对于理解时空性质具有重要作用。作为一种新型强引力系统,玻色星可以模拟位于星系中心的黑洞。研究试验粒子在旋转玻色星时空中的运动,将为玻色星位于星系中心时提供天体物理可观测效应。本文研究了试验粒子在角量子数为 $m=(1, 2, 3)$ 的旋转玻色星背景中的类时测地线。随着角量子数和频率的改变,旋转玻色星将从低旋转状态转变为高度相对论性的快速旋转状态,相应的 Lense-Thirring 效应将越来越显著,因此需要对其进行详细研究。通过求解试验粒子的四速度并对测地线进行积分,我们研究了具有零角动量和非零角动量的束缚轨道。我们发现,当玻色星从低旋转状态转变为高度相对论性旋转状态时,试验粒子可以在玻色星中心区域停留更长时间。通过比较在旋转玻色星中获得的轨道近心点值与观测到的绕 Sagittarius $A^*$ 运行的恒星对应轨道,我们讨论了银河系中心天体物理玻色星的可能可观测效应。

英文摘要:

Motion of a test particle plays an important role in understanding the properties of a spacetime. As a new type of the strong gravity system, boson stars could mimic black holes located at the center of galaxies. Studying the motion of a test particle in the spacetime of a rotating boson star will provide the astrophysical observable effects if a boson star is located at the center of a galaxy. In this paper, we investigate the timelike geodesic of a test particle in the background of a rotating boson star with angular number $m=(1, 2, 3)$. With the change of angular number and frequency, a rotating boson star will transform from the low rotating state to the highly relativistic rapidly rotating state, the corresponding Lense-Thirring effects will be more and more significant and it should be studied in detail. By solving the four-velocity of a test particle and integrating the geodesics, we investigate the bound orbits with a zero and nonzero angular momentum. We find that a test particle can stay more longer time in the central region of a boson star when the boson star becomes from low rotating state to highly relativistic rotating state. Comparing the periapse values of the orbits obtained in rotating boson stars and the corresponding orbits of the observed stars orbiting Sagittarius $A^*$, we discuss the possible observable effects of the astrophysical boson star in the Galactic center.

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