arXiv 2106.002012021-06-01math.APmath-phmath.MP

各向异性水平粘性Navier-斯托克斯方程的原始方程近似

The primitive equations approximation of the anisotropic horizontally viscous Navier-Stokes equations

Jinkai Li, Edriss S. Titi, Guozhi Yuan

摘要：

在本文中，我们提供了严格的理由的流体静力近似和原始方程的推导，作为小的长宽比限制的不可压缩三维Navier-斯托克斯方程在各向异性的水平粘性制度。设置$\varepsilon >0$为区域的垂直尺度与水平尺度的小纵横比，我们研究了不可压缩三维Navier-斯托克斯方程中的水平和垂直粘性分别为$O(1)$和$O(\varepsilon^α)$阶的情况，其中$α>2$的极限系统是当$\varepsilon$趋于零时仅具有水平粘性的原始方程。特别是，我们表明，对于“精心准备”的初始数据的缩放不可压缩三维Navier-斯托克斯方程的解决方案强烈收敛，在任何有限的时间间隔内，只有水平粘度的各向异性原始方程的相应的解决方案，$\varepsilon$趋于零，收敛速度是顺序$O\left(\varepsilon^\frac\beta2\right)$，其中$β=\min\{α-2,2\}$。注意，该结果不同于[Li，J.; Titi，E.S.：\emph{The primitive equations as the small aspect ratio limit of the Navier-Stokes equations: Rigorous justification of the hydrostatic approximation}，J. Math. Pures Appl.，\textbf{124} \rm（2019），30- 58]，其中极限系统是具有全粘性的原始方程，并且收敛在时间上是全局的，其阶数为$O\left(\varepsilon\right)$。

英文摘要：

In this paper, we provide rigorous justification of the hydrostatic approximation and the derivation of primitive equations as the small aspect ratio limit of the incompressible three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in the anisotropic horizontal viscosity regime. Setting $\varepsilon >0$ to be the small aspect ratio of the vertical to the horizontal scales of the domain, we investigate the case when the horizontal and vertical viscosities in the incompressible three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are of orders $O(1)$ and $O(\varepsilon^α)$, respectively, with $α>2$, for which the limiting system is the primitive equations with only horizontal viscosity as $\varepsilon$ tends to zero. In particular we show that for "well prepared" initial data the solutions of the scaled incompressible three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations converge strongly, in any finite interval of time, to the corresponding solutions of the anisotropic primitive equations with only horizontal viscosities, as $\varepsilon$ tends to zero, and that the convergence rate is of order $O\left(\varepsilon^\frac\beta2\right)$, where $β=\min\{α-2,2\}$. Note that this result is different from the case $α=2$ studied in [Li, J.; Titi, E.S.: \emph{The primitive equations as the small aspect ratio limit of the Navier-Stokes equations: Rigorous justification of the hydrostatic approximation}, J. Math. Pures Appl., \textbf{124} \rm(2019), 30--58], where the limiting system is the primitive equations with full viscosities and the convergence is globally in time and its rate of order $O\left(\varepsilon\right)$.

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