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arXiv 2105.08705cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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点缺陷关联激发态的量子嵌入方法:案例研究与挑战

Quantum embedding methods for correlated excited states of point defects: Case studies and challenges

Lukas Muechler, Danis I. Badrtdinov, Alexander Hampel, Jennifer Cano, Malte Rösner, Cyrus E. Dreyer

摘要:

点缺陷和杂质的激发电子态的定量描述对于理解材料性质以及缺陷在量子技术中的可能应用至关重要。这对于计算方法是相当大的挑战,因为Kohn-Sham密度泛函理论(DFT)本质上是基态理论,而更高水平的方法对于缺陷系统通常在计算上太昂贵。最近,嵌入方法已被应用,用多体方法处理缺陷态,同时使用DFT来描述体基质材料。我们实现了这样一种嵌入方法,基于缺陷轨道的Wannierization和约束随机相位近似方法,并对三种具有当前技术相关性的不同系统进行了系统的表征:碳二聚体取代块状六方BN中的B和N对(C $_{\text{B}}$ C $_{\text{N}}$)、金刚石中带负电荷的氮空位中心(NV $^-$)和纤锌矿AlN中Al位上的Fe杂质($\text{Fe}_{\text{Al}}$)。对于C $_{\text{B}}$ C $_{\text{N}}$,我们表明,嵌入的方法给出了多体状态与分析结果的哈伯德二聚体模型,这使我们能够阐明的DFT功能和双计数校正的影响。对于NV $^-$中心,我们的方法表现出良好的定量协议与实验的零声子线的三重态-三重态跃迁。最后,我们说明了与这种方法确定的复杂的自旋多重态在$\text{Fe}_{\text{Al}}$的能量和顺序的挑战。

英文摘要:

A quantitative description of the excited electronic states of point defects and impurities is crucial for understanding materials properties, and possible applications of defects in quantum technologies. This is a considerable challenge for computational methods, since Kohn-Sham density-functional theory (DFT) is inherently a ground state theory, while higher-level methods are often too computationally expensive for defect systems. Recently, embedding approaches have been applied that treat defect states with many-body methods, while using DFT to describe the bulk host material. We implement such an embedding method, based on Wannierization of defect orbitals and the constrained random-phase approximation approach, and perform systematic characterization of the method for three distinct systems with current technological relevance: a carbon dimer replacing a B and N pair in bulk hexagonal BN (C$_{\text{B}}$C$_{\text{N}}$), the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond (NV$^-$), and an Fe impurity on the Al site in wurtzite AlN ($\text{Fe}_{\text{Al}}$). For C$_{\text{B}}$C$_{\text{N}}$ we show that the embedding approach gives many-body states in agreement with analytical results on the Hubbard dimer model, which allows us to elucidate the effects of the DFT functional and double-counting correction. For the NV$^-$ center, our method demonstrates good quantitative agreement with experiments for the zero-phonon line of the triplet-triplet transition. Finally, we illustrate challenges associated with this method for determining the energies and orderings of the complex spin multiplets in $\text{Fe}_{\text{Al}}$.

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