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arXiv 2104.06463astro-ph.EP
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类太阳恒星周围宜居带行星上的氧假阳性

Oxygen False Positives on Habitable Zone Planets Around Sun-Like Stars

Joshua Krissansen-Totton, Jonathan J. Fortney, Francis Nimmo, Nicholas Wogan

摘要:

氧气是一种很有前途的系外行星生物特征,这是由于利用星光进行光合作用所带来的进化优势,以及在没有生命的情况下维持富氧大气层的可能性明显较低。已经提出了关于晚期M矮星周围行星上非生物氧积累的假设方案,其中扩展的前主序可能有利于非生物O $_2$积累。相比之下,在F、G和K型恒星周围的行星上,非生物氧的积累似乎不太可能,只要它们拥有大量的不可冷凝气体。较大恒星周围氧气生物特征的相对稳健性激发了下一代望远镜的计划,这些望远镜能够在类太阳恒星周围的行星上进行氧气探测。然而,类地行星在广泛的初始条件和演化情景下形成富氧大气层的一般趋势尚未被探索。在这里,我们使用一个耦合的热地球化学气候模型的类地行星的演变来说明三种情况下,显着的非生物氧可以积累在类太阳恒星周围,即使显着的非冷凝气体库存存在。对于地球质量的行星,我们发现非生物氧可以积累到现代的水平,如果(1)CO $_2$:H $_2$ O的初始挥发性库存的比例很高,(2)初始水库存超过~50地球海洋,或(3)初始水库存很低。幸运的是,这三种非生物氧的情况可以通过观察其他大气成分或表征行星表面来与生物氧区分开来。这突出了对能力广泛的下一代望远镜的需求,这些望远镜的装备可以通过时间分辨测光来限制地表水的存量,并搜索时间生物特征或不平衡生物特征,以评估氧气是否是生物源的。

英文摘要:

Oxygen is a promising exoplanet biosignature due to the evolutionary advantage conferred by harnessing starlight for photosynthesis, and the apparent low likelihood of maintaining oxygen-rich atmospheres without life. Hypothetical scenarios have been proposed for non-biological oxygen accumulation on planets around late M-dwarfs, where the extended pre-main sequence may favor abiotic O$_2$ accumulation. In contrast, abiotic oxygen accumulation on planets around F, G, and K-type stars is seemingly less likely, provided they possess substantial non-condensable gas inventories. The comparative robustness of oxygen biosignatures around larger stars has motivated plans for next-generation telescopes capable of oxygen detection on planets around sun-like stars. However, the general tendency of terrestrial planets to develop oxygen-rich atmospheres across a broad range of initial conditions and evolutionary scenarios has not been explored. Here, we use a coupled thermal-geochemical-climate model of terrestrial planet evolution to illustrate three scenarios whereby significant abiotic oxygen can accumulate around sun-like stars, even when significant non-condensable gas inventories are present. For Earth-mass planets, we find abiotic oxygen can accumulate to modern levels if (1) the CO$_2$:H$_2$O ratio of the initial volatile inventory is high, (2) the initial water inventory exceeds ~50 Earth oceans, or (3) the initial water inventory is very low. Fortunately, these three abiotic oxygen scenarios could be distinguished from biological oxygen with observations of other atmospheric constituents or characterizing the planetary surface. This highlights the need for broadly capable next-generation telescopes that are equipped to constrain surface water inventories via time-resolved photometry and search for temporal biosignatures or disequilibrium biosignatures to assess whether oxygen is biogenic.

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