Starshade Rendezvous: Exoplanet Orbit Constraints from Multi-Epoch Direct Imaging
Andrew Romero-Wolf, Geoffrey Bryden, Greg Agnes, Jonathan W. Arenberg, Samuel Case Bradford, Simone D'Amico, John Debes, Matt Greenhouse, Renyu Hu, Steve Matous… 展开作者
Andrew Romero-Wolf, Geoffrey Bryden, Greg Agnes, Jonathan W. Arenberg, Samuel Case Bradford, Simone D'Amico, John Debes, Matt Greenhouse, Renyu Hu, Steve Matousek, Jason Rhodes, John Ziemer
在{ \it Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope}上增加一个外部星罩,将能够直接对在$\sim$ 1 AU轨道上运行的地球半径行星进行成像。将任何探测到的行星归类为类地行星需要光谱学来表征其大气层,并需要多时期成像来追踪其轨道。我们在这里考虑的能力,Starshade Renaissance探测器约束直接成像类地行星的轨道。这一拟议任务的目标清单包括最适合直接成像的16颗邻近恒星。遮光罩飞行任务的视野受到太阳排斥角的限制,导致在两年的飞行任务中有四个观测窗口。我们发现,对于可居住区的行星轨道,在四个观看机会期间至少检测到三次,它们的半长轴测量的中位精度为7 mas,或中位分数精度为3%。在96.7%的情况下,可调带行星可以被正确识别,假阳性率为2.8%。如果使用更保守的标准进行宜居带分类(95%的概率),误报率下降到接近零,但只有81%的真正的类地行星被正确分类为居住在宜居带。
英文摘要:
The addition of an external starshade to the {\it Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope} will enable the direct imaging of Earth-radius planets orbiting at $\sim$1 AU. Classification of any detected planets as Earth-like requires both spectroscopy to characterize their atmospheres and multi-epoch imaging to trace their orbits. We consider here the ability of the Starshade Rendezvous Probe to constrain the orbits of directly imaged Earth-like planets. The target list for this proposed mission consists of the 16 nearby stars best suited for direct imaging. The field of regard for a starshade mission is constrained by solar exclusion angles, resulting in four observing windows during a two-year mission. We find that for habitable-zone planetary orbits that are detected at least three times during the four viewing opportunities, their semi-major axes are measured with a median precision of 7 mas, or a median fractional precision of 3\%. Habitable-zone planets can be correctly identified as such 96.7\% of the time, with a false positive rate of 2.8\%. If a more conservative criteria is used for habitable-zone classification (95\% probability), the false positive rate drops close to zero, but with only 81\% of the truly Earth-like planets correctly classified as residing in the habitable zone.
与太空望远镜一起编队飞行的Starshade是一项迅速成熟的技术,它将在不太遥远的将来对围绕附近恒星运行的小行星进行成像和光谱表征。虽然已经开发了星影辅助系外行星成像的性能模型,并用于设计未来的飞行任务,但其结果尚未通过对合成图像的分析得到验证。在使用社区数据挑战评估天文学和系外行星领域的图像处理能力方面有着丰富的历史,由NASA系外行星探索计划管理的重点技术开发活动Starshade Technology Development to TRL 5(S5)正在组织和实施Starshade系外行星数据挑战。数据挑战的目的是验证从科学到关键仪器性能参数的要求,并量化合成图像的噪声背景校准所需的准确性。这一数据挑战与过去在系外行星领域的努力不同之处在于:(1)它专注于附近恒星宜居带中小行星的探测和光谱表征,(2)它开发的合成图像同时包括多个背景噪声项-一些特定于星光观测-包括残余星光,太阳闪烁,系外黄道光,探测器噪声,以及由遮星罩的运动和望远镜抖动引起的变化。在本文中,我们提供了一个概述的设计和理由的数据挑战。通过与数据挑战参与者合作,我们希望在Starshade Renminbi with Roman和HabEx的背景下,更好地理解星光辅助系外行星观测中的噪声预算和背景校准。
Maximizing the sensitivity of ELT to habitable worlds with a space-based starshade
Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);Instituto Astrofisica de Canarias(加那利天体物理研究所);Max Planck Institute for Astronomy(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(苏黎世联邦理工学院);Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学)
Current laboratory performance of starlight suppression systems, and potential pathways to desired Habitable Worlds Observatory exoplanet science capabilities