发表机构
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i; Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin; Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory; Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology; University of Notre Dame, Department of Physics and Astronomy（夏威夷大学天体物理研究所; 德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文学系; 爱丁堡大学天体物理研究所皇家天文台; 加州理工学院天文学系; 圣母院大学物理与天文学系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究利用盖亚DR3和凯克成像重新分析开普勒质心偏移假阳性KOI-1623.01，发现其凌星信号实为三合星系统中次星宜居带内一颗10.02地球半径的巨行星，并估算约70个类似假阳性实为双星系统中的真实行星。
AI 中文摘要
开普勒任务显著推进了我们对系外行星种群统计的理解。然而，表现出质心偏移的开普勒行星候选体常被归类为假阳性，因而被排除在种群统计分析之外。其中一些系统可能是错误的假阳性，源于未分辨的双星系统中行星绕其中一颗恒星运行，从而给过去的系外行星种群研究引入了偏差。在此，我们展示了基于盖亚数据发布3（Gaia DR3）更新的开普勒质心偏移值，并分析了KOI-1623.01——一个具有清晰凌星信号、轨道周期为111天的开普勒质心偏移假阳性（COFP）。利用凯克/NIRC2的高对比度成像揭示，KOI-1623A有一个角距为$0.704 \pm 0.002$角秒的近距离伴星，由一颗轻微演化的G型主星和一颗K型矮星次星组成，而盖亚探测到一颗具有共同自行、角距约为$8.4$角秒的三体伴星。通过结合凌星光度测量、开普勒像素级数据、直接成像和Gaia DR3，我们发现该凌星信号与一颗位于次星宜居带的$10.02 ^{+0.44}_{-0.31} R_{\oplus}$巨行星一致。我们进一步利用盖亚分辨出的伴星来估算，开普勒的515个质心偏移假阳性中另有约70个被错误分类，它们实际上是属于双星系统的真实行星。
英文摘要
The Kepler mission has significantly advanced our understanding of exoplanet demographics. However, Kepler planet candidates showing centroid shifts are often classified as false-positives and thus excluded from demographic analyses. Some of these systems may be erroneous false positives, resulting from unresolved binary stars with planets orbiting one of the stars, thereby introducing biases into past exoplanet demographic studies. Here, we present updated Kepler centroid offset values derived from Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) and analyze KOI-1623.01, a Kepler centroid offset false positive (COFP) with a clear transit signal and an orbital period of 111 days. High-contrast imaging with Keck/NIRC2 reveals that KOI-1623A has a close companion with a separation of $0.704 \pm 0.002$ arcsec, consisting of a slightly evolved G-type primary and a K-dwarf secondary, while Gaia detects a tertiary companion with common proper motion at a separation of $\sim 8.4$ arcsec. By combining transit photometry, Kepler pixel level data, direct imaging, and Gaia DR3, we find that the transit signal is consistent with a $10.02 ^{+0.44}_{-0.31} R_{\oplus}$ giant planet located in the habitable zone of the secondary. We furthermore use resolved companions from Gaia to estimate that another $\approx 70$ out of $515$ of Kepler's centroid false positives were misclassified and instead are real planets that belong to binary systems.
Comments20 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in AJ
