Spectrum of semisimple locally symmetric spaces and admissibility of spherical representations
Salah Mehdi, Martin Olbrich
备注：
The results were announced in June 2019 at the conference Representation Theory XVI held in Dubrovnik, Croatia. The paper will appear in a Contemporary Mathematics volume dedicated to the conference
We consider compact locally symmetric spaces $Γ\backslash G/H$ where $G/H$ is a non-compact semisimple symmetric space and $Γ$ is a discrete subgroup of $G$. We discuss some features of the joint spectrum of the (commutative) algebra $D(G/H)$ of invariant differential operators acting, as unbounded operators, on the Hilbert space $L^2(Γ\backslash G/H)$ of square integrable complex functions on $Γ\backslash G/H$. In the case of the Lorentzian symmetric space $SO_0(2,2n)/SO_0(1,2n)$, the representation theoretic spectrum is described explicitly. The strategy is to consider connected reductive Lie groups $L$ acting transitively and co-compactly on $G/H$, a cocompact lattice $Γ\subset L$, and study the spectrum of the algebra $D(L/L\cap H)$ on $L^2(Γ\backslash L/L\cap H)$. Though the group $G$ does not act on $L^2(Γ\backslash G/H)$, we explain how (not necessarily unitary) $G$-representations enter into the spectral decomposition of $D(G/H)$ on $L^2(Γ\backslash G/H)$ and why one should expect a continuous contribution to the spectrum in some cases. As a byproduct, we obtain a result on the $L$-admissibility of $G$-representations. These notes contain the statements of the main results, the proofs and the details will appear elsewhere.
We consider the notion of a confluent spherical function on a connected semisimple Lie group, $G,$ with finite center and of real rank $1,$ and discuss the properties and relationship of its algebra with the well-known Schwartz algebra of spherical functions on $G.$
We give the exact contributions of Harish-Chandra transform, $(\mathcal{H}f)(λ),$ of Schwartz functions $f$ to the harmonic analysis of spherical convolutions and the corresponding $L^{p}-$ Schwartz algebras on a connected semisimple Lie group $G$ (with finite center). One of our major results gives the proof of how the Trombi-Varadarajan Theorem enters into the spherical convolution transform of $L^{p}-$ Schwartz functions.
Let $G$ be a connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and let $þ$ be an automorphism of $G$. We give a characterization of $þ$-twisted spherical conjugacy classes in $G$ by a formula for their dimensions in terms of certain elements in the Weyl group of $G$, generalizing a result of N. Cantarini, G. Carnovale, and M. Costantini when $þ$ is the identity automorphism. For $G$ simple and $þ$ an outer automorphism of $G$, we also classify the Weyl group elements that appear in the dimension formula.
This paper contains a non-trivial generalization of the Harish-Chandra transforms on a connected semisimple Lie group $G,$ with finite center, into what we term spherical convolutions. Among other results we show that its integral over the collection of bounded spherical functions at the identity element $e \in G$ is a weighted Fourier transforms of the Abel transform at $0.$ Being a function on $G,$ the restriction of this integral of its spherical Fourier transforms to the positive-definite spherical functions is then shown to be (the non-zero constant multiple of) a positive-definite distri…
If ${\mathfrak g}$ is a real reductive Lie algebra and ${\mathfrak h} < {\mathfrak g}$ is a subalgebra, then $({\mathfrak g}, {\mathfrak h})$ is called real spherical provided that ${\mathfrak g} = {\mathfrak h} + {\mathfrak p}$ for some choice of a minimal parabolic subalgebra ${\mathfrak p} \subset {\mathfrak g}$. In this paper we classify all real spherical pairs $({\mathfrak g}, {\mathfrak h})$ where ${\mathfrak g}$ is semi-simple but not simple and ${\mathfrak h}$ is a reductive real algebraic subalgebra. The paper is based on the classification of the case where ${\mathfrak g}$ is simple…
We develop a structure theory of connected solvable spherical subgroups in semisimple algebraic groups. Based on this theory, we obtain an explicit classification of all such subgroups up to conjugation.
The extended weight semigroup of a homogeneous space G/H of a connected semisimple algebraic group G characterizes the spectra of the representations of G on the spaces of regular sections of homogeneous linear bundles over G/H, including the space of regular functions on G/H. We compute the extended weight semigroups for all strictly irreducible affine spherical homogeneous spaces G/H, where G is a simply connected non-simple semisimple complex algebraic group and H a connected closed subgroup of it. In all the cases we also find the highest weight functions corresponding to the indecomposabl…
We propose a notion of cusp forms on semisimple symmetric spaces. We then study the real hyperbolic spaces in detail, and show that there exists both cuspidal and non-cuspidal discrete series. In particular, we show that all the spherical discrete series are non-cuspidal.
Let G be a semisimple almost simple algebraic group defined and split over a nonarchimedean local field K and let V be a unipotent representation of G(K) (for example, an Iwahori-spherical representation). We calculate the character of V at compact very regular elements of G(K) at compact very regular elements of G(K).
In this paper, we prove that there is at most one correspondence between parahoric-spherical representations and semisimple local Langlands parameters which satisfies certain natural properties. Our proof of this uniqueness statement is very formal. In particular, the semisimple local Langlands parameters constructed by Fargues and Scholze yield the unique candidate for such representations. As a corollary, we prove a conjecture which posits the compatibility of semisimple local Langlands parameters with parahoric Satake parameters.
We consider spherical principal series representations of the semisimple Lie group of rank one $G=SO(n, 1; \mathbb K)$, $\mathbb K=\br, \bc, \bh$. There is a family of unitarizable representations $π_ν$ of $G$ for $ν$ in an interval on $\mathbb R^+$, the so-called complementary series, and subquotient or subrepresentations of $G$ for $ν$ being negative integers. We consider the restriction of $(π_ν, G)$ under the subgroup $H=SO(n-1, 1; \mathbb K)$. We prove the appearing of discrete components. The corresponding results for the exceptional Lie group $F_{4(-20)}$ and its subgroup $Spin(8,1)$ ar…
Let $H$ be a connected spherical subgroup of a semisimple algebraic group $G$. In this paper, we give a criterion for $H$-orbit closures in the flag variety of $G$ to have nice geometric and cohomological properties. Our main tool is the method of Frobenius splitting and of global F-regularity.
We provide a uniform construction of $L^2$-models for all small unitary representations in degenerate principal series of semisimple Lie groups which are induced from maximal parabolic subgroups with abelian nilradical. This generalizes previous constructions to the case of a maximal parabolic subgroup which is not necessarily conjugate to its opposite, and hence the previously used Jordan algebra methods have to be generalized to Jordan pairs. The crucial ingredients for the construction of the $L^2$-models are the Lie algebra action and the spherical vector. Working in the so-called Fourier …
We consider the spherical complementary series of rank one Lie groups $H_n=\SO_0(n, 1; \mathbb F)$ for $\mathbb F=\mathbb R, \mathbb C, \mathbb H$. We prove that there exist finitely many discrete components in its restriction under the subgroup $H_{n-1}=\SO_0(n-1, 1; \mathbb F)$. This is proved by imbedding the complementary series into analytic continuation of holomorphic discrete series of $G_n=SU(n, 1)$, $SU(n, 1)\times SU(n, 1)$ and $SU(2n, 2)$ and by the branching of holomorphic representations under the corresponding subgroup $G_{n-1}$.
For all spherical homogeneous spaces G/H, where G is a simply connected semisimple algebraic group and H a connected solvable subgroup of G, we compute the spectra of the representations of G on spaces of regular sections of homogeneous line bundles over G/H.
For an affine spherical homogeneous space G/H of a connected semisimple algebraic group G, we consider the factorization morphism by the action on G/H of a maximal unipotent subgroup of G. We prove that this morphism is equidimensional if and only if the weight semigroup of G/H satisfies some simple condition.
Given a classical semisimple complex algebraic group G and a symmetric pair (G, K) of non-Hermitian type, we study the closures of the spherical nilpotent K-orbits in the isotropy representation of K. For all such orbit closures, we study the normality and we describe the K-module structure of the ring of regular functions of the normalizations.
In this paper we continue the study of locally analytic representations of a $p$-adic Lie group $G$ in vector spaces over a spherically complete non-archimedean field $K$, building on the algebraic approach to such representations introduced in our paper "Locally analytic distributions and p-adic representation theory, with applications to GL_2." In that paper we associated to a representation $V$ a module $M$ over the ring $D(G,K)$ of locally analytic distributions on $G$ and described an admissibility condition on $V$ in terms of algebraic properties of $M$. In this paper we determine the re…
We prove spectral analogues of the classical strong multiplicity one theorem for newforms. Let $Γ_1$ and $Γ_2$ be uniform lattices in a semisimple group $G$. Suppose all but finitely many irreducible unitary representations (resp. spherical) of $G$ occur with equal multiplicities in $L^{2}(Γ_1 \backslash G)$ and $L^{2}(Γ_2 \backslash G)$. Then $L^{2}(Γ_1 \backslash G) \cong L^{2}(Γ_2 \backslash G)$ as $G$ - modules (resp. the spherical spectra of $L^{2}(Γ_1 \backslash G)$ and $L^{2}(Γ_2 \backslash G)$ are equal).
Let $G$ be a simply connected semisimple algebraic group with Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$, let $G_0 \subset G$ be the symmetric subgroup defined by an algebraic involution $σ$ and let $\mathfrak g_1 \subset \mathfrak g$ be the isotropy representation of $G_0$. Given an abelian subalgebra $\mathfrak a$ of $\mathfrak g$ contained in $\mathfrak g_1$ and stable under the action of some Borel subgroup $B_0 \subset G_0$, we classify the $B_0$-orbits in $\mathfrak a$ and we characterize the sphericity of $G_0 \mathfrak a$. Our main tool is the combinatorics of $σ$-minuscule elements in the affine Weyl …
Given a classical semisimple complex algebraic group G and a symmetric pair (G,K) of Hermitian type, we study the closures of the spherical nilpotent K-orbits in the isotropy representation of K. We show that all such orbit closures are normal and describe the K-module structure of their ring of regular functions.
Let G be a connected linear semisimple Lie group with Lie algebra g and maximal compact subgroup K. Let K_C -> Aut(p_C) be the complexified isotropy representation at the identity coset of the corresponding symmetric space. Suppose that O is a nilpotent K_C-orbit in p_C, and bar(O} is its Zariski closure in p_C. We study the K-type decomposition of the ring of regular functions on bar(O} when O is spherical and ``small''. We also show that this decomposition gives the asymptotic directions of K-types in any irreducible (g_C, K)-module whose associated variety is bar(O).
Let G/H be a semisimple symmetric space. The main tool to embed a principal series representation of G into L^2(G/H) are the H-invariant distribution vectors. If G/H is a non-compactly causal symmetric space, then G/H can be realized as a boundary component of the complex crown $Ξ$. In this article we construct a minimal G-invariant subdomain $Ξ_H$ of $Ξ$ with G/H as Shilov boundary. Let $π$ be a spherical principal series representation of G. We show that the space of H-invariant distribution vectors of $π$, which admit a holomorphic extension to $Ξ_H$, is one dimensional. Furthermore we give…
In this paper we give a combinatorial characterization of projections of geodesics in Euclidean buildings to Weyl chambers. We apply these results to the representation theory of complex semisimple Lie groups and to spherical Hecke rings associated with nonarchimedean reductive Lie groups. Our main application is a generalization of the saturation theorem of Knutson and Tao for SL(n) to other complex semisimple Lie groups.
Plancherel formula is one of the celebrated result of harmonic analysis on semisimple Lie groups and their homogeneous spaces. The main goal of this work is to find a q-analog of the Plancherel formula for spherical transform the unit matrix ball. Here we present an explicit formula for the radial part of the Plancherel measure. q-Jacobi polynomials as spherical functions naturally arise on the way.
The group $Diff$ of diffeomorphisms of the circle is an infinite dimensional analog of the real semisimple Lie groups $U(p,q)$, $Sp(2n,R)$, $SO^*(2n)$; the space $Ξ$ of univalent functions is an analog of the corresponding classical complex Cartan domains. We present explicit formulas for realizations of highest weight representations of $Diff$ in the space of holomorphic functionals on $Ξ$, reproducing kernels on $Ξ$ determining inner products, and expressions ('canonical cocycles') replacing spherical functions.
Let g be a complex semi-simple Lie algebra and g be a semisimple subalgebra of g. Consider the branching problem of decomposing the simple g-representations V as a sum of simple grepresentations V. When g = g x g, it is the tensor product decomposition. The multiplicity space Mult(V, V) satisfies V = $\oplus$ V Mult(V, V) $\otimes$ V, where the sum runs over the isomorphism classes of simple g-representations. In the case when g is spherical of minimal rank, we describe Mult(V, V) as the intersection of kernels of powers of root operators in some weight space of the dual space V * of V. When g…
Given a connected reductive complex algebraic group $G$ and a spherical subgroup $H \subset G$, the extended weight monoid $\widehat Λ^+_G(G/H)$ encodes the $G$-module structures on spaces of global sections of all $G$-linearized line bundles on $G/H$. Assuming that $G$ is semisimple and simply connected and $H$ is specified by a regular embedding in a parabolic subgroup $P \subset G$, in this paper we obtain a description of $\widehat Λ^+_G(G/H)$ via the set of simple spherical roots of $G/H$ together with certain combinatorial data explicitly computed from the pair $(P,H)$. As an application…
Let G be a simply connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0 and let V be a rational simple G-module of finite dimension. If G/H \subset P(V) is a spherical orbit and if X is its closure, then we describe the orbits of X and those of its normalization. If moreover the wonderful completion of G/H is strict, then we give necessary and sufficient combinatorial conditions so that the normalization morphism is a homeomorphism. Such conditions are trivially fulfilled if G is simply laced or if H is a symmetric subgroup.
We present a method to calculate intertwining operators between the underlying Harish-Chandra modules of degenerate principal series representations of a semisimple Lie group $G$ and a semisimple subgroup $G'$, and between their composition factors. Our method describes the restriction of these operators to the $K'$-isotypic components, $K'\subseteq G'$ a maximal compact subgroup, and reduces the representation theoretic problem to an infinite system of scalar equations of a combinatorial nature. For rank one orthogonal and unitary groups and spherical principal series representations we calcu…
We study in this paper the restricted roots for a class of spherical homogeneous spaces of semisimple groups which includes simply connected symmetric spaces. For these spaces we give a detailed description (case by case) of the set of roots of the group associated with each restricted root of the space (the nest of the restricted root). As an application, we obtain a refinement of the Weyl dimension formula in the case of spherical representations, expressing the dimension as a product over the set of indivisible positive restricted roots.
Let $ G $ be a connected, simply connected semisimple algebraic group over the complex number field, and let $ K $ be the fixed point subgroup of an involutive automorphism of $ G $ so that $ (G, K) $ is a symmetric pair. We take parabolic subgroups $ P $ of $ G $ and $ Q $ of $ K $ respectively and consider the product of partial flag varieties $ G/P $ and $ K/Q $ with diagonal $ K $-action, which we call a \emph{double flag variety for symmetric pair}. It is said to be \emph{of finite type} if there are only finitely many $ K $-orbits on it. In this paper, we give a parametrization of $ K $-…
We introduce the notion of relative pseudocoefficient for relative discrete series of real spherical homogeneous spaces of reductive groups. We prove that such relative pseudocoefficient does not exist for semisimple symmetric spaces of type G(C)/G(R) and construct strong relative pseudocoefficients for some hyperbolic spaces. We establish a toy model for the relative trace formula of H.Jacquet for compact discrete quotient Γ\G. This allows us to prove that a relative discrete series which admits strong pseudocoefficient with sufficiently small support occurs in the spectral decomposition of L…
The description of irreducible representations of a group G can be seen as a question in harmonic analysis; namely, decomposing a suitable space of functions on G into irreducibles for the action of G x G by left and right multiplication. For a split p-adic reductive group G over a local non-archimedean field, unramified irreducible smooth representations are in bijection with semisimple conjugacy classes in the ``Langlands dual'' group. We generalize this description to an arbitrary spherical variety X of G as follows: Irreducible unramified quotients of the space $C_c^\infty(X)$ are in natur…
Let $X= G/K$ symmetric space of non compact type, where $G$ is a rank-one connected semisimple Lie group with finite center. We shall look at the transform $ P_λf(x) = f \ast φ_λ(x)$, where, $λ\in \mathbb C$ and $φ_λ$ is the elementary spherical function. We shall try to characterizes the image of the Schwartz spaces $S^p(X) $ where $0 < p \leq 2$ under the above transform.
When $G$ is a complex reductive algebraic group and $G/K$ is a reductive symmetric space, the decomposition of $\C[G/K]$ as a $K$-module was obtained (in a non-constructive way) by Richardson, generalizing the celebrated result of Kostant-Rallis for the linearized problem (the harmonic decomposition of the isotropy representation). To obtain a constructive version of Richardson's results, this paper studies the infinite dimensional Lie algebra $\X(G/K)^K$ of $K$-invariant regular algebraic vector fields using the geometry of $G/K$ and the $K$-spherical representations of $G$. Assume $G$ is sem…
Let $G$ be a compact connected semisimple Lie group, let $K$ be a closed subgroup of $G$, let $Γ$ be a finite subgroup of $G$, and let $τ$ be a finite-dimensional representation of $K$. For $π$ in the unitary dual $\widehat G$ of $G$, denote by $n_Γ(π)$ its multiplicity in $L^2(Γ\backslash G)$. We prove a strong multiplicity one theorem in the spirit of Bhagwat and Rajan, for the $n_Γ(π)$ for $π$ in the set $\widehat G_τ$ of irreducible $τ$-spherical representations of $G$. More precisely, for $Γ$ and $Γ'$ finite subgroups of $G$, we prove that if $n_Γ(π)= n_{Γ'}(π)$ for all but finitely many …
