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arXiv 2104.02623astro-ph.COgr-qc
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简单渐变暗能量与空间曲率

Simple-graduated dark energy and spatial curvature

Giovanni Acquaviva, Ozgur Akarsu, Nihan Katirci, J. Alberto Vazquez

备注：
17 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables; matches the version published in Physical Review D
发表信息：
Phys. Rev. D 104, 023505 (2021)
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摘要：

在这项工作中，我们首先讨论的可能性，暗能量模型与负的能量密度值在过去可以减轻$H_0$紧张，以及与重子声学振荡（BAO）莱曼- $α$数据的差异，这两个普遍存在的$Λ$ CDM模型。然后，我们研究$Λ$ CDM模型的两个最小扩展，一起或单独，是否可以成功地实现这样的场景：（i）空间曲率，在空间封闭宇宙的情况下，它模仿负密度源;（ii）简单渐变暗能量（gDE），它将通常真空能量的零惯性质量密度提升到任意常数--如果为负，相应的能量密度随着红移而减小，类似于幻影模型，但与它们不同的是，在某个红移处穿过零以下。我们发现，当普朗克数据不包括在观测分析中，模型与简单的gDE预测有趣的和一些显着的偏差，从$Λ$ CDM模型。特别是，一个空间封闭的宇宙，以及一个简单的gDE的正惯性质量密度，其工作相反，彼此，结果在轻微的改善$H_0$张力。联合数据集，包括普朗克数据，提出了没有证据偏离空间平坦度，但几乎相同的证据宇宙学常数和简单的gDE与顺序$\mathcal{O}(10^{-12})\,\rm eV^4$的惯性质量密度。后一种情况预测到目前为止几乎没有偏离$Λ$ CDM模型--因此它没有导致关于BAO Ly- $α$数据的改进--除了它稍微增加了$H_0$张力。我们还通过动力学分析研究宇宙的历史模型中，作为简单的gDE的结果在未来不同于德西特未来的$Λ$ CDM模型。

英文摘要：

In this work, we first discuss the possibility that dark energy models with negative energy density values in the past can alleviate the $H_0$ tension, as well as the discrepancy with the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) Lyman-$α$ data, both which prevail within the $Λ$CDM model. We then investigate whether two minimal extensions of the $Λ$CDM model, together or separately, can successfully realize such a scenario: (i) the spatial curvature, which, in the case of spatially closed universe, mimics a negative density source and (ii) simple-graduated dark energy (gDE), which promotes the null inertial mass density of the usual vacuum energy to an arbitrary constant--if negative, the corresponding energy density decreases with redshift similar to the phantom models, but unlike them crosses below zero at a certain redshift. We find that, when the Planck data are not included in the observational analysis, the models with simple-gDE predict interesting and some significant deviations from the $Λ$CDM model. In particular, a spatially closed universe along with a simple-gDE of positive inertial mass density, which work in contrast to each other, results in minor improvement to the $H_0$ tension. The joint dataset, including the Planck data, presents no evidence for a deviation from spatial flatness but almost the same evidence for a cosmological constant and the simple-gDE with an inertial mass density of order $\mathcal{O}(10^{-12})\,\rm eV^4$. The latter case predicts almost no deviation from the $Λ$CDM model up until today--so that it results in no improvement regarding the BAO Ly-$α$ data--except that it slightly aggravates the $H_0$ tension. We also study via dynamical analysis the history of the Universe in the models, as the simple-gDE results in futures different than the de Sitter future of the $Λ$CDM model.

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