用于骨再生的介孔玻璃3D打印支架的多尺度孔隙率
Multiscale porosity in mesoporous bioglass 3D-printed scaffolds for bone regeneration
摘要：
为了增加MBG-PCL复合支架的骨形成能力，在3D打印的MBG-PCL支架的支柱中产生微孔，用于制造具有由中孔、微孔和大孔组成的多尺度孔隙率的结构。3D打印赋予了大孔隙度，而微孔度是通过从支柱中去除致孔剂而产生的，并且MBG颗粒负责中孔隙度。使用PCL、MBG和磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）颗粒的混合物3D打印支架，随后滤出。研究了作为阴性对照的微孔-PCL（pPCL）、微孔MBG-PCL（pMBG-PCL）和非微孔-MBG-PCL（MBG-PCL）。扫描电子显微镜、压汞孔隙率测定法和显微计算机断层扫描证明，PBS去除导致支柱内微孔的形成，pPCL和pMBG-PCL的孔隙率均为约30%，两种结构的总孔隙率均为80- 90%。相比之下，MBG-PCL组的微孔率为6%，总孔隙率为70%。在pMBG-PCL浸出后发现早期矿化，当使用仿生矿化测定时，这导致形成更均匀的磷酸钙层。微孔和非微孔试样的机械性能范围为5至25 MPa，因此微孔性是影响压缩性能的决定性因素。MC 3 T3-E1代谢活性在pMBG-PCL中随着RUNX 2的产生增加而增加。因此，3D打印的生物陶瓷复合材料构造内的微孔性可产生额外的物理和生物益处。
英文摘要：
In order to increase the bone forming ability of MBG-PCL composite scaffold, microporosity was created in the struts of 3D-printed MBG-PCL scaffolds for the manufacturing of a construct with a multiscale porosity consisting of meso-, micro- and macro-pores. 3D-printing imparted macroporosity while the microporosity was created by porogen removal from the struts, and the MBG particles were responsible for the mesoporosity. The scaffolds were 3D-printed using a mixture of PCL, MBG and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) particles, subsequently leached out. Microporous-PCL (pPCL) as a negative control, microporous MBG-PCL (pMBG-PCL) and non-microporous-MBG-PCL (MBG-PCL) were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and micro-computed tomography demonstrated that the PBS removal resulted in the formation of micropores inside the struts with porosity of around 30% for both pPCL and pMBG-PCL, with both constructs displaying an overall porosity of 80-90%. In contrast, the MBG-PCL group had a microporosity of 6% and an overall porosity of 70%. Early mineralisation was found in the pMBG-PCL post-leaching out and this resulted in the formation a more homogeneous calcium phosphate layer when using a biomimetic mineralisation assay. Mechanical properties ranged from 5 to 25 MPa for microporous and non-microporous specimens, hence microporosity was the determining factor affecting compressive properties. MC3T3-E1 metabolic activity was increased in the pMBG-PCL along with an increased production of RUNX2. Therefore, the microporosity within a 3D-printed bioceramic composite construct may result in additional physical and biological benefits.
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