仿生矿化对3D打印介孔玻璃支架物理性能及体外成骨性能的影响
The effect of biomimetic mineralization of 3D-printed mesoporous bioglass scaffolds on physical properties and in vitro osteogenicity
摘要：
三维介孔生物活性玻璃（MBG）支架已被广泛考虑用于骨再生目的，并且增材制造使得能够制造用于骨缺损的高度生物活性的患者特异性构造。通常，该过程在添加促进支架的可印刷性的聚合物粘合剂的情况下进行。然而，这些添加剂覆盖MBG颗粒，导致其成骨潜力降低。本工作研究了一种简单而有效的磷酸盐缓冲盐水浸泡方法，用于实现聚乙烯醇粘合剂的去除，同时能够保持MBG 3D打印支架的介孔结构。这导致通过仿生矿化层的自发形成来显著修饰支架的表面，所述仿生矿化层积极地影响支架的物理和生物学性质。广泛的表面重塑诱导的沉积的磷灰石样层导致3倍的表面积增加，5倍的粗糙度增加，和4倍的硬度增加的PBS浸泡支架相比，印刷对应。仿生矿化也发生在连接MBG颗粒的支架的整个主体中，并且负责维持结构完整性。使用MC 3 T3-E1前成骨细胞样细胞的体外测定表明，与印刷的含PVA的支架相比，先前浸入PBS的支架的成骨相关基因显著上调。虽然预浸支架对成骨细胞分化的作用相同，但我们的数据表明，MBG支架在PBS中的短时间浸泡有利于成骨特性，并可能加速植入后的骨形成。
英文摘要：
Three-dimensional Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) scaffolds has been widely considered for bone regeneration purposes and additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of highly bioactive patient-specific constructs for bone defects. Commonly, this process is performed with the addition of polymeric binders that facilitate the printability of scaffolds. However, these additives cover the MBG particles resulting in the reduction of their osteogenic potential. The present work investigates a simple yet effective phosphate-buffered saline immersion method for achieving polyvinyl alcohol binder removal while enables the maintenance of the mesoporous structure of MBG 3D-printed scaffolds. This resulted in significantly modifying the surface of the scaffold via the spontaneous formation of a biomimetic mineralized layer which positively affected the physical and biological properties of the scaffold. The extensive surface remodeling induced by the deposition of the apatite-like layer lead to a 3-fold increase in surface area, a 5-fold increase in the roughness, and 4-fold increase in the hardness of the PBS-immersed scaffolds when compared to the as-printed counterpart. The biomimetic mineralization also occurred throughout the bulk of the scaffold connecting the MBGs particles and was responsible for the maintenance of structural integrity. In vitro assays using MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast like cells demonstrated a significant upregulation of osteogenic-related genes for the scaffolds previously immersed in PBS when compared to the as-printed PVA-containing scaffolds. Although the pre-immersion scaffolds performed equally towards osteogenic cell differentiation, our data suggest that a short immersion in PBS of MBG scaffolds is beneficial for the osteogenic properties and might accelerate bone formation after implantation.
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