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arXiv 2104.01362math.DS
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严格凸开台球中由焦散线构成的无穷多个叶状结构

On infinitely many foliations by caustics in strictly convex open billiards

Alexey Glutsyuk

AI总结:

本文研究严格凸开台球的焦散线叶状结构,证明边界凸侧存在光滑叶状结构及连续统多个点芽互异的叶状结构,并通过强类台球保面积映射加以推广。

摘要:

严格凸有界平面台球中的反射作用于有向直线空间,并保持一个标准面积形式。焦散线是一条曲线 C,其切线经台球反射后变为与 C 相切的直线。著名的 Birkhoff 猜想指出,在边界附近具有由闭焦散线构成的叶状结构的严格凸台球只有椭圆。根据 Lazutkin 定理,总存在一个趋近边界的闭焦散线 Cantor 族。在本文中,我们研究开台球,其边界是一条严格凸嵌入(非闭)曲线 γ。我们证明,存在一个从凸侧邻接 γ 的区域 U,以及 U∪γ 的一个 C∞ 光滑叶状结构,其叶片为 γ 和台球的(非闭)焦散线。这推广了 R. Melrose 先前的结果;该结果给出了上述叶状结构在边界点处的一个芽。我们表明,存在连续统多个上述由焦散线构成的叶状结构,它们在 γ 上每一点处的芽两两不同。我们在 γ 仅为一段弧,以及 γ 与焦散线均为浸入曲线的情形中,证明了该陈述的更一般版本。它也适用于由闭严格凸曲线 γ 界定的台球,并给出由浸入焦散线构成的无穷多个“浸入”叶状结构。为证明上述结果,我们针对一类推广台球反射的特殊保面积映射,即所谓的 C∞ 提升的强类台球映射,陈述并证明了其类似结论。我们还证明了一系列关于上述类型开曲线在边界附近台球映射共轭性的结果。

英文摘要:

Reflection in strictly convex bounded planar billiard acts on the space of oriented lines and preserves a standard area form. A caustic is a curve $C$ whose tangent lines are reflected by the billiard to lines tangent to $C$. The famous Birkhoff Conjecture states that the only strictly convex billiards with a foliation by closed caustics near the boundary are ellipses. By Lazutkin's theorem, there always exists a Cantor family of closed caustics approaching the boundary. In the present paper we deal with an open billiard, whose boundary is a strictly convex embedded (non-closed) curve $γ$. We prove that there exists a domain $U$ adjacent to $γ$ from the convex side and a $C^\infty$-smooth foliation of $U\cupγ$ whose leaves are $γ$ and (non-closed) caustics of the billiard. This generalizes a previous result by R.Melrose, which yields existence of a germ of foliation as above at a boundary point. We show that there exists a continuum of above foliations by caustics whose germs at each point in $γ$ are pairwise different. We prove a more general version of this statement in the cases, when $γ$ is just an arc, and also when both $γ$ and the caustics are immersed curves. It also applies to a billiard bounded by a closed strictly convex curve $γ$ and yields infinitely many "immersed" foliations by immersed caustics. For the proof of the above results, we state and prove their analogue for a special class of area-preserving maps generalizing billiard reflections: the so-called $C^{\infty}$-lifted strongly billiard-like maps. We also prove a series of results on conjugacy of billiard maps near the boundary for open curves of the above type.

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