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arXiv 2103.13907cond-mat.softcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.stat-mechphysics.chem-ph
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电解质溶液中电导率随电场变化的分子相关性

On the molecular correlations that result in field-dependent conductivities in electrolyte solutions

Dominika Lesnicki, Chloe Y. Gao, David T. Limmer, Benjamin Rotenberg

摘要:

利用响应理论和非平衡系综重权的最新进展,我们研究了动态和静态的相关性,引起一个电场依赖的离子电导率在电解质溶液中。我们考虑的解决方案建模与隐式和显式溶剂,具有不同的介电特性,并在多个浓度。隐式溶剂模型在低浓度和小的介电常数表现出强烈的场依赖性的电导率。我们将这些结果与Onsager-Wilson理论的Wien效应进行了比较,该理论在低浓度和高静态介电常数下提供了定性一致的预测,但与这些制度不一致。的起源的差异被发现在这些条件下增加离子相关性。显式溶剂效应的作用,以抑制非线性响应,产生一个弱的场依赖性的电导率的范围内的物理可实现的场强。通过分解相关的时间关联函数,我们发现电导率对电场的不敏感性是由于溶剂中离子所受的持续摩擦力。我们的研究结果说明了非平衡响应理论在合理化非线性传输行为的效用。

英文摘要:

Employing recent advances in response theory and nonequilibrium ensemble reweighting, we study the dynamic and static correlations that give rise to an electric field-dependent ionic conductivity in electrolyte solutions. We consider solutions modeled with both implicit and explicit solvents, with different dielectric properties, and at multiple concentrations. Implicit solvent models at low concentrations and small dielectric constants exhibit strongly field-dependent conductivities. We compared these results to the Onsager-Wilson theory of the Wien effect, which provides a qualitatively consistent prediction at low concentrations and high static dielectric constants, but is inconsistent away from these regimes. The origin of the discrepancy is found to be increased ion correlations under these conditions. Explicit solvent effects act to suppress nonlinear responses, yielding a weakly field-dependent conductivity over the range of physically realizable field strengths. By decomposing the relevant time correlation functions, we find that the insensitivity of the conductivity to the field results from the persistent frictional forces on the ions from the solvent. Our findings illustrate the utility of nonequilibrium response theory in rationalizing nonlinear transport behavior.

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