电极-溶液界面的分子模拟
Molecular Simulation of Electrode-Solution Interfaces
摘要：
许多关键的工业过程，从电力生产、转换和储存到电催化或一般的电化学，依赖于在金属电极和电解质溶液之间的界面处发生的物理机制，由双电层的概念概括，其中电子在金属侧上和离子在液体侧上的积累/耗尽。虽然静电相互作用对电极-电解质界面的结构、热力学、动力学和反应性起着至关重要的作用，但这些性质也关键地取决于离子和溶剂的性质以及金属本身的性质。这样的界面对建模提出了许多挑战，因为它们是量子化学与统计物理学相遇的地方。在本综述中，我们探讨了最近的进展与经典分子模拟的电极-电解质界面的描述和理解，重点是平面界面和溶剂型液体，从纯溶剂到水在盐电解质。
英文摘要：
Many key industrial processes, from electricity production, conversion and storage to electrocatalysis or electrochemistry in general, rely on physical mechanisms occurring at the interface between a metallic electrode and an electrolyte solution, summarized by the concept of electric double layer, with the accumulation/depletion of electrons on the metal side and of ions on the liquid side. While electrostatic interactions play an essential role on the structure, thermodynamics, dynamics and reactivity of electrode-electrolyte interfaces, these properties also crucially depend on the nature of the ions and solvent, as well as that of the metal itself. Such interfaces pose many challenges for modeling, because they are a place where Quantum Chemistry meets Statistical Physics. In the present review, we explore the recent advances on the description and understanding of electrode-electrolyte interfaces with classical molecular simulations, with a focus on planar interfaces and solvent-based liquids, from pure solvent to water-in-salt-electrolytes.
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