相对论性重离子碰撞流体动力学描述中理论不确定性的探索
Exploring theoretical uncertainties in the hydrodynamic description of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
摘要：
我们探讨理论的不确定性，在相对论性重离子碰撞的流体动力学描述，通过检查完整的非线性因果关系条件和量化的二阶输运系数的作用，流动可观的。因果关系的条件施加物理约束的最大允许值的逆雷诺数在流体动力学的演变。在Denicol-Niemi-Molnár-Rischke（DNMR）理论中加入额外的二阶梯度项，与Israel-Stewart流体动力学理论相比，显着缩小了偶然区域。对于Au+Au碰撞，我们发现流动观测值的变化很小，没有施加必要的因果关系条件，这表明一个强大的提取夸克胶子等离子体的输运系数在以前的模型数据比较。然而，相当大的灵敏度存在于小的p+Au碰撞，这对研究小系统的集体性提出了挑战。
英文摘要：
We explore theoretical uncertainties in the hydrodynamic description of relativistic heavy-ion collisions by examining the full non-linear causality conditions and quantifying the second-order transport coefficients' role on flow observables. The causality conditions impose physical constraints on the maximum allowed values of inverse Reynolds numbers during the hydrodynamic evolution. Including additional second-order gradient terms in the Denicol-Niemi-Molnár-Rischke (DNMR) theory significantly shrinks the casual regions compared to those in the Israel-Stewart hydrodynamics. For Au+Au collisions, we find the variations of flow observables are small with and without imposing the necessary causality conditions, suggesting a robust extraction of the Quark-Gluon Plasma's transport coefficients in previous model-to-data comparisons. However, sizable sensitivity is present in small p+Au collisions, which poses challenges to study the small systems' collectivity.
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