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arXiv 2103.07353cs.CGmath.AT
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计算图在近线性时间内的Zigzag持久性

Computing Zigzag Persistence on Graphs in Near-Linear Time

Tamal K. Dey, Tao Hou

摘要:

在许多应用中,图形对真实世界的环境进行建模,在这些环境中,图形可能会不断变化,以捕捉现象的动态行为。拓扑持久性为拓扑特征提供了一组生灭对,是分析这种变化的图形数据的一种工具。然而,标准的持续同源性定义在一个不断增长的空间不能总是捕捉这样一个动态的过程,除非也允许与删除收缩。因此,锯齿形持久性,其中包括插入和删除的单形是更合适的,在这样的设置。不像标准的持久性,承认近线性时间算法的图形,这样的结果为之字形版本,提高一般$O(m^ω)$的时间复杂度是未知的,其中$ω< 2.37286$是矩阵乘法指数。在本文中,我们提出了算法的锯齿形持久的图运行在近线性时间。具体地说,给定在具有$n$顶点和边的图上进行$m$添加和删除的过滤,用于$0$维的算法在$O(m\log^2 n+m\log m)$时间内运行,并且用于1维的算法在$O(m\log^4 n)$时间内运行。$0$ -维的算法借鉴了另一种算法,该算法最初设计用于配对$2$ -流形上的Morse函数的临界点。$1$ -维的算法将负边缘与最早的正边缘配对,使得包含两个边缘的$1$ -循环驻留在所有中间图中。最后,利用Alexander对偶性,我们将$0$维的算法扩展到在$O(m\log^2 n+m\log m+n\log n)$时间内计算$\mathbb{R}^p$嵌入复合物的$(p-1)$维锯齿形持久性.

英文摘要:

Graphs model real-world circumstances in many applications where they may constantly change to capture the dynamic behavior of the phenomena. Topological persistence which provides a set of birth and death pairs for the topological features is one instrument for analyzing such changing graph data. However, standard persistent homology defined over a growing space cannot always capture such a dynamic process unless shrinking with deletions is also allowed. Hence, zigzag persistence which incorporates both insertions and deletions of simplices is more appropriate in such a setting. Unlike standard persistence which admits nearly linear-time algorithms for graphs, such results for the zigzag version improving the general $O(m^ω)$ time complexity are not known, where $ω< 2.37286$ is the matrix multiplication exponent. In this paper, we propose algorithms for zigzag persistence on graphs which run in near-linear time. Specifically, given a filtration with $m$ additions and deletions on a graph with $n$ vertices and edges, the algorithm for $0$-dimension runs in $O(m\log^2 n+m\log m)$ time and the algorithm for 1-dimension runs in $O(m\log^4 n)$ time. The algorithm for $0$-dimension draws upon another algorithm designed originally for pairing critical points of Morse functions on $2$-manifolds. The algorithm for $1$-dimension pairs a negative edge with the earliest positive edge so that a $1$-cycle containing both edges resides in all intermediate graphs. Both algorithms achieve the claimed time complexity via dynamic graph data structures proposed by Holm et al. In the end, using Alexander duality, we extend the algorithm for $0$-dimension to compute the $(p-1)$-dimensional zigzag persistence for $\mathbb{R}^p$-embedded complexes in $O(m\log^2 n+m\log m+n\log n)$ time.

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