Fragmentation in the massive G31.41+0.31 protocluster
M. T. Beltrán, V. M. Rivilla, R. Cesaroni, L. T. Maud, D. Galli, L. Moscadelli, A. Lorenzani, A. Ahmadi, H. Beuther, T. Csengeri, S. Etoka, C. Goddi, P. D. Klaa… 展开作者
M. T. Beltrán, V. M. Rivilla, R. Cesaroni, L. T. Maud, D. Galli, L. Moscadelli, A. Lorenzani, A. Ahmadi, H. Beuther, T. Csengeri, S. Etoka, C. Goddi, P. D. Klaassen, R. Kuiper, M. S. N. Kumar, T. Peters, Á. Sánchez-Monge, P. Schilke, F. van der Tak, S. Vig, H. Zinnecker
Context. ALMA observations at 1.4 mm and 0.2'' (750au) angular resolution of the Main core in the high-mass star forming region G31.41+0.31 have revealed a puzzling scenario: on the one hand, the continuum emission looks very homogeneous and the core appears to undergo solid-body rotation, suggesting a monolithic core stabilized by the magnetic field; on the other hand, rotation and infall speed up toward the core center, where two massive embedded free-free continuum sources have been detected, pointing to an unstable core having undergone fragmentation. Aims. To establish whether the Main core is indeed monolithic or its homogeneous appearance is due to a combination of large dust opacity and low angular resolution, we carried out millimeter observations at higher angular resolution and different wavelengths. Methods. We carried out ALMA observations at 1.4 mm and 3.5 mm that achieved angular resolutions of 0.1''(375 au) and 0.075'' (280 au), respectively. VLA observations at 7 mm and 1.3 cm at even higher angular resolution, 0.05'' (190 au) and 0.07'' (260 au), respectively, were also carried out to better study the nature of the free-free continuum sources detected in the core. Results. The millimeter continuum emission of the Main core has been clearly resolved into at least four sources, A, B, C, and D, within 1'', indicating that the core is not monolithic. The deconvolved radii of the dust emission of the sources, estimated at 3.5 mm, are 400-500au, their masses range from 15 to 26 Msun, and their number densities are several 1E9 cm-3. Sources A and B, located closer to the center of the core and separated by 750 au, are clearly associated with two free-free continuum sources, likely thermal radio jets, and are the brightest in the core. The spectral energy distribution of these two sources and their masses and sizes are similar and suggest a common origin.
ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- XII: Fragmentation and multi-scale gas kinematics in protoclusters G12.42+0.50 and G19.88-0.53
An ALMA study of the massive molecular clump N159W-North in the Large Magellanic Cloud: A possible gas flow penetrating one of the most massive protocluster systems in the Local Group
A nine-member protostellar system forming via filament fragmentation in the high mass protocluster NGC 6334-43
Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews(圣安德鲁斯大学物理与天文学学院);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(国家射电天文台);Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);Aberystwyth University(阿伯里斯特威斯大学)
A Search for Massive Galaxy Population in a Protocluster of LAEs at $z = 2.39$ near the Radio Galaxy 53W002
利用Subaru望远镜Suprime-Cam和MOIRCS的$B,~V,~i^\prime,~J,~H,~{\rm{and}}~K_s$波段成像数据,在射电星系53 W 002附近的$z=2.39$观测到的莱曼$~α$发射体(LAEs)的已知大尺度高密度结构中寻找大质量星系群。在我们的巡天$70.2~{\rm{arcmin}}^{2}$中,我们通过$JHK_s$波段颜色和光谱能量分布(SED)拟合分析($JHK_s$ -selected galaxies)选择了62个原星系候选成员,并将它们的物理性质与COSMOS场中的一个比较样本进行了比较。我们发现在$K_s<22.25,~J-K_s>2,~{\rm{or}}~V-K_s>4$的53 W 002场中,$JHK_s$选择星系的数密度显著过剩。特别是在53 W 002视场中具有$K_s<22.25~{\rm{and}}~J-K_s>2$的$JHK_s$选定星系的数密度比比较样本高9倍。大多数具有$K_s<22.25~{\rm{and}}~J-K_s>2$的星系都是具有$M_s>10^{11}~M_\odot$的大质量星系,它们的sSFR为$10^{-11}$ -- $10^{-10}~\rm{yr^{-1}}$,表明恒星形成尚未完全停止。我们还发现了具有$M_s=5\times10^{10}$ -$10^{11}~M_\odot~{…
ODIN: Confirmation and 3D Reconstruction of Six Massive Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon
Purdue University(普渡大学);NSF NOIRLab(美国国家光学-红外天文研究实验室);Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学);Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室);Boston University(波士顿大学);Universidad Andres Bello(安德烈斯贝略大学);Università degli Studi di Milano(米兰大学);INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera(意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台)
Probing Star-Forming Properties via ALMA Observations of Massive Protocluster IRAS 15596-5301
Kunming University of Science and Technology(昆明理工大学);Chuxiong Normal University(楚雄师范学院);Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院上海天文台);Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(墨西哥国立自治大学无线电天文学与天体物理研究所);Yunnan University(云南大学);Anqing Normal University(安庆师范大学);Peking University(北京大学)
原星系团是宇宙中最大质量结构的祖先,其红移值高达6.6。除了探索早期结构的形成,寻找更高红移的原团簇对探测再电离特别有用。在这里,我们报告了原星团LAGER-z7 OD 1的发现,红移为6.93,当时宇宙只有7.7亿岁,可能正在经历星系际介质中中性氢部分的快速演化。原星系团的密度是平均星系密度的6倍,有21个窄带Lyman- $α$星系,其中16个已被光谱证实。在类似于或高于这个记录的红移下,有报道称有更小的原群,成员更少。LAGER-z7 OD 1呈细长形,由两个次原星团组成,它们可能合并成一个大质量的星团,质量相当于现在的$3.7 \times 10^{15}$太阳质量。由其成员星系产生的电离气泡的总体积被认为是相当于原星系团本身的体积,这表明我们正在目睹合并的个别气泡和星系际介质内的原星系团几乎完全电离。因此,LAGER-z7 OD 1提供了一个独特的天然实验室来研究再电离过程。
Tracking Protostellar Variability in Massive Protoclusters with ALMA: I. Insights from QUARKS and MaMMOtH
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院上海天文台);School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院);State Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院上海天文台射电天文学与技术国家重点实验室);Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica(中央研究院天文及天文物理研究所);NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics(加拿国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天体物理学研究所);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria(维多利亚大学物理与天文系);Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University(北京大学卡尔·萨根天文与天体物理研究所);Department of Astronomy, Peking University(北京大学天文系)
Emergence of an Ultra-Red Ultra-Massive Galaxy Cluster Core at $z=4$
最近对大质量星系团演化的模拟和观测预测,大多数恒星质量的积累发生在星系团成员内部,在星系团维里化之前。$z>3$的原星系团富含尘埃,恒星形成星系(DSFG)是$z\sim0$这些大质量星系团的最佳候选祖先。在这里,我们提出了第一个研究分析恒星的排放,随着冷尘埃和气体连续发射光谱证实的$z=4.002$原星团核心丰富的DSFG,遥远的红色核心(DRC)。我们结合新的HST和斯皮策数据与现有的双子座,赫歇尔,和ALMA观测,以获得个人的星系级属性,并将它们与同时代的领域和其他原星系团星系进行比较。所有的原星系团成员都是大质量的($>10^{10}$ M $_\odot$),但并不比它们的同时代场对应物大得多。在不确定性范围内,所有星系在恒星形成与恒星质量主序星的关系上,以及在恒星形成效率平面上几乎无法区分。假设未来没有大量的新鲜气体流入,我们估计这些气态DSFG将耗尽它们在$\sim300$ Myr中的气藏,成为$z\sim3$中占主导地位的大规模静止椭圆星系。利用不同的方法,我们得到了$z=4$晕的总质量为$\sim10^{14}$ M $_\odot$,并估计DRC将通过$z=0$演化成为质量为$\gtrsim10^{15}$ M $_\odot$的超大质量星系团核.
ALMA-IMF XXII. Role of core subfragmentation in the IMF origin: Hierarchical fragmentation cascade and CMF in W43-MM1
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学);LPC2E, CNRS, Univ. Orléans(奥尔良大学);Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS(波尔多大学);Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM(巴黎萨克雷大学);Department of Astronomy, University of Florida(佛罗里达大学天文学系);Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris(巴黎文理研究大学);Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, LUX(巴黎天文台);Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Concepción(孔多西比托大学)
The ALMA EGO-10 Survey of Massive Protoclusters: Correlation of 1.3 mm Continuum Source Clustering with Evolutionary State
Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews(圣安德鲁斯大学物理与天文学学院);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(国家射电天文台);INAF-IAPS(意大利国家天体物理研究所天体物理与行星科学研究所);University of Arizona Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory(亚利桑那大学天文学系和斯图尔德天文台);Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文学系)