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arXiv 2406.16637astro-ph.GA
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由z=2.85大质量原星系团周围的高光度星系示踪的100 Mpc²结构

A 100 Mpc$^2$ structure traced by hyperluminous galaxies around a massive $z$ = 2.85 protocluster

George C. P. Wang, Scott C. Chapman, Nikolaus Sulzenauer, Frank Bertoldi, Christopher C. Hayward, Ryley Hill, Satoshi Kikuta, Yuichi Matsuda, Douglas Rennehan, … 展开作者

George C. P. Wang, Scott C. Chapman, Nikolaus Sulzenauer, Frank Bertoldi, Christopher C. Hayward, Ryley Hill, Satoshi Kikuta, Yuichi Matsuda, Douglas Rennehan, Douglas Scott, Ian Smail, Charles C. Steidel

AI总结:

本研究利用SCUBA-2、NOEMA和ALMA观测z=2.85的HS1549+19原星系团,发现亮亚毫米波星系示踪了大尺度薄饼状结构,其总恒星形成率极高,或正形成现今宇宙级大质量星系团。

摘要:

我们利用亚毫米波通用用户测辐射热计阵列2(Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array 2, SCUBA-2),对HS1549+19天区中红移z=2.85的原星系团开展了850μm和450μm波段的大视场成图观测。通过北方扩展毫米波阵列(Nothern Extended Millimeter Array, NOEMA)和阿塔卡马大型毫米波/亚毫米波阵列(Atacama Large Millimeter Array, ALMA),对18个在850μm波段选出的亮源进行了光谱后续观测,证实其中多数源的红移接近z~2.85,很可能是该结构的成员。将光谱红移作为距离测量值,我们发现这些亚毫米波星系(Submillimetre Galaxies, SMGs)在天球平面上覆盖90 Mpc²的范围,在三维空间中勾勒出一个体积为4100 Mpc³的“薄饼状”结构。我们发现这些SMGs的高恒星形成率(star-formation rates, SFRs)使得仅原星系团中最亮星系贡献的总恒星形成率就达到20000 M☉ yr⁻¹。这些快速形成恒星的SMGs可被解释为在坍缩为位力化结构之前,在大的团心距离处快速增长的大质量星系。我们还发现SMGs示踪了莱曼α(Lyman-α)面密度轮廓。与模拟结果的对比表明,HS1549+19正在形成的结构可与现今宇宙中质量最大的星系团相媲美。

英文摘要:

We present wide-field mapping at 850 $μ$m and 450 $μ$m of the $z$ = 2.85 protocluster in the HS1549$+$19 field using the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2). Spectroscopic follow-up of 18 bright sources selected at 850 $μ$m, using the Nothern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) and Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), confirms the majority lies near $z$ $\sim$ 2.85 and are likely members of the structure. Interpreting the spectroscopic redshifts as distance measurements, we find that the SMGs span 90 Mpc$^2$ in the plane of the sky and demarcate a 4100 Mpc$^3$ "pancake"-shaped structure in three dimensions. We find that the high star-formation rates (SFRs) of these SMGs result in a total SFR of 20,000 M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ only from the brightest galaxies in the protocluster. These rapidly star-forming SMGs can be interpreted as massive galaxies growing rapidly at large cluster-centric distances before collapsing into a virialized structure. We find that the SMGs trace the Lyman-$α$ surface density profile. Comparison with simulations suggests that HS1549$+$19 could be building a structure comparable to the most massive clusters in the present-day Universe.

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