A 100 Mpc$^2$ structure traced by hyperluminous galaxies around a massive $z$ = 2.85 protocluster
George C. P. Wang, Scott C. Chapman, Nikolaus Sulzenauer, Frank Bertoldi, Christopher C. Hayward, Ryley Hill, Satoshi Kikuta, Yuichi Matsuda, Douglas Rennehan, … 展开作者
George C. P. Wang, Scott C. Chapman, Nikolaus Sulzenauer, Frank Bertoldi, Christopher C. Hayward, Ryley Hill, Satoshi Kikuta, Yuichi Matsuda, Douglas Rennehan, Douglas Scott, Ian Smail, Charles C. Steidel
我们利用亚毫米波通用用户测辐射热计阵列2(Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array 2, SCUBA-2),对HS1549+19天区中红移z=2.85的原星系团开展了850μm和450μm波段的大视场成图观测。通过北方扩展毫米波阵列(Nothern Extended Millimeter Array, NOEMA)和阿塔卡马大型毫米波/亚毫米波阵列(Atacama Large Millimeter Array, ALMA),对18个在850μm波段选出的亮源进行了光谱后续观测,证实其中多数源的红移接近z~2.85,很可能是该结构的成员。将光谱红移作为距离测量值,我们发现这些亚毫米波星系(Submillimetre Galaxies, SMGs)在天球平面上覆盖90 Mpc²的范围,在三维空间中勾勒出一个体积为4100 Mpc³的“薄饼状”结构。我们发现这些SMGs的高恒星形成率(star-formation rates, SFRs)使得仅原星系团中最亮星系贡献的总恒星形成率就达到20000 M☉ yr⁻¹。这些快速形成恒星的SMGs可被解释为在坍缩为位力化结构之前,在大的团心距离处快速增长的大质量星系。我们还发现SMGs示踪了莱曼α(Lyman-α)面密度轮廓。与模拟结果的对比表明,HS1549+19正在形成的结构可与现今宇宙中质量最大的星系团相媲美。
英文摘要:
We present wide-field mapping at 850 $μ$m and 450 $μ$m of the $z$ = 2.85 protocluster in the HS1549$+$19 field using the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2). Spectroscopic follow-up of 18 bright sources selected at 850 $μ$m, using the Nothern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) and Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), confirms the majority lies near $z$ $\sim$ 2.85 and are likely members of the structure. Interpreting the spectroscopic redshifts as distance measurements, we find that the SMGs span 90 Mpc$^2$ in the plane of the sky and demarcate a 4100 Mpc$^3$ "pancake"-shaped structure in three dimensions. We find that the high star-formation rates (SFRs) of these SMGs result in a total SFR of 20,000 M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ only from the brightest galaxies in the protocluster. These rapidly star-forming SMGs can be interpreted as massive galaxies growing rapidly at large cluster-centric distances before collapsing into a virialized structure. We find that the SMGs trace the Lyman-$α$ surface density profile. Comparison with simulations suggests that HS1549$+$19 could be building a structure comparable to the most massive clusters in the present-day Universe.
Association of cold gas, massive galaxies, and AGNs in a filamentary protocluster traced by triple narrow-band imaging
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(日本宇宙航空研究开发机构);Tohoku University(东北大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);The University of Tokyo(东京大学);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);Nagoya University(名古屋大学);Waseda University(早稻田大学);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利天体物理研究所);Universidad de La Laguna(拉各拉纳大学);Kwansei Gakuin University(关西学院大学);University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee(威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校);Seoul National University(首尔大学)
Identifying a protocluster formation at z $\sim$ 4.5 in the COSMOS field: an extension of Taralay protocluster, traced by Ly-alpha emitters surrounding a submm galaxy
MAHALO Deep Cluster Survey I. Accelerated and enhanced galaxy formation in the densest regions of a protocluster at z=2.5
我们用斯巴鲁望远镜对位于$z=2.53$的年轻原星团USS 1558 $-$ 003进行了10小时净积分的深H $α$窄带成像。该系统由4个稠密的大规模局部超密度群组成,由107个H $α$发射体(HAE)追踪,其恒星质量和尘埃校正的恒星形成率分别低至$1\times10^8$ M $_\odot$和3 M $_\odot$ yr $^{-1}$。我们已经调查了环境的依赖性的各种物理性质内的原团通过比较分布的HAE在较高和较低的密度与标准的Kolmogorov-Smirnov测试。在97%的置信水平下,我们发现在最极端的“超群”中,对应于超密度的前四分位数,HAE的恒星形成主序列中的恒星形成增强。此外,我们推导出H $α$光度和恒星质量在群和群间区域的分布函数,近似对应于比一般场高30倍和8倍的密度。因此,我们确定了0.7和0.9 dex高截断H $α$光度和恒星质量函数的密集组,分别。另一方面,在原星系团的群间环境中的HAE显示出类似的分布函数的场星系,尽管居住在显着的overdensities。在团簇形成的早期阶段,从我们的结果推断,在原星系团的致密部分有一个大质量星系的加速形成。我们预计,这些星系最终会成长并转变为早期类型的星系,就像在今天的富星系团中看到的那样。
A nine-member protostellar system forming via filament fragmentation in the high mass protocluster NGC 6334-43
Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews(圣安德鲁斯大学物理与天文学学院);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(国家射电天文台);Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);Aberystwyth University(阿伯里斯特威斯大学)
The ALMA EGO-10 Survey of Massive Protoclusters: Correlation of 1.3 mm Continuum Source Clustering with Evolutionary State
Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews(圣安德鲁斯大学物理与天文学学院);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(国家射电天文台);INAF-IAPS(意大利国家天体物理研究所天体物理与行星科学研究所);University of Arizona Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory(亚利桑那大学天文学系和斯图尔德天文台);Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文学系)
An extreme ram-pressure stripping event in a protocluster at redshift 4.3
University of British Columbia(不列颠哥伦比亚大学);Dalhousie University(达尔豪斯大学);National Research Council, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics(国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天文学和天体物理学研究所);Eureka Scientific Inc(尤里卡科学公司);Universidad Diego Portales(迭戈·波特莱斯大学);Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy, Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town(开普敦大学数据密集型天文学跨大学研究所天文学系);Wits Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand(威特沃特斯兰德大学物理学院天体物理中心);Department of Physics, University of Pretoria(比勒陀利亚大学物理系);Department of Astronomy, University of Florida(佛罗里达大学天文学系);Texas A&M University(德克萨斯农工大学)
ODIN: Confirmation and 3D Reconstruction of Six Massive Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon
Purdue University(普渡大学);NSF NOIRLab(美国国家光学-红外天文研究实验室);Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学);Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室);Boston University(波士顿大学);Universidad Andres Bello(安德烈斯贝略大学);Università degli Studi di Milano(米兰大学);INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera(意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台)
Submillimeter galaxy overdensities around physically associated quasar pairs
Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA)(中央研究院天文及天文物理研究所);Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), University of Heidelberg(海德堡大学跨学科科学计算中心);Department of Physics, Stanford University(斯坦福大学物理系);Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba(筑波大学计算科学中心)
Spectroscopic Confirmation of two Extremely Massive Protoclusters BOSS1244 and BOSS1542 at $z=2.24$
我们目前的光谱确认两个新的大质量星系原星团在$z=2.24\pm0.02$,BOSS 1244和BOSS 1542,跟踪组的相干强Ly $α$吸收(CoSLA)系统的吸收光谱中的一些类星体从SDSS III的印记,并确定为超密度的窄带选择H $α$发射器(HAE)。使用MMT/MMIRS和LBT/LUCI近红外(NIR)光谱,我们确认46和36 HAE在BOSS 1244和BOSS 1542领域,分别。BOSS 1244在$z=2.230\pm0.002$处显示一个西南(SW)分量,在$z=2.246\pm0.001$处显示另一个东北(NE)分量,视线速度色散分别为$405\pm202$ km s $^{-1}$和$377\pm99$ km s $^{-1}$。有趣的是,我们发现BOSS 1244的SW区域在红移空间中包含两个子结构,可能合并形成一个更大的系统。相比之下,BOSS 1542表现出扩展的对流结构,在$z=2.241\pm0.001$处具有$247\pm32$ km s $^{-1}$的低速色散,直接证实了早期宇宙中的大尺度宇宙网。在15 cMpc尺度上的星系超密度$δ_{\rm g}$分别是BOSS 1244 SW、BOSS 1244 NE和BOSS 1542灯丝的$22.9\pm4.9$、$10.9\pm2.5$和$20.5\pm3.9$。它们是迄今为止在$z>2$…
The Bigfoot: A footprint of a Coma cluster progenitor at z=3.98
Nanjing University(南京大学);Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nanjing University, Ministry of Education(南京大学现代天文与天体物理教育部重点实验室);CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité(法国原子能委员会、国家科学研究中心、巴黎萨克雷大学、巴黎第七大学、索邦巴黎城市);University of Massachusetts, Amherst(马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校);University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学);Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学天文学系星系与宇宙学研究教育部重点实验室);Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(黎明宇宙中心);Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学);Durham University(杜伦大学)
Magnetic Fields in Massive Star-forming Regions (MagMaR). VII. On the dynamical importance of B-fields in massive protocluster W33 A
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University(北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所);Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛史密森尼天体物理中心);Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo(东京大学大学院理学系研究科天文学专攻);Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University(国立中山大学物理系);Center of Astronomy and Gravitation, National Taiwan Normal University(国立台湾师范大学天文重力研究中心);Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院上海天文台);National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家天文台);Joint ALMA Observatory(ALMA联合机构);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(美国国家射电天文台);Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics(中央研究院天文及天文物理研究所)
Reionization and the ISM/Stellar Origins with JWST and ALMA (RIOJA): The core of the highest redshift galaxy overdensity at $z = 7.88$ confirmed by NIRSpec/JWST
The Zero-Age Massive Stellar Population of W49A from VLA Observations
Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(墨西哥国立自治大学射电天文与天体物理研究所);Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica(国家天文学、光学和电子研究所);American Museum of Natural History(美国自然历史博物馆);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(美国国家射电天文台);University of Florida(佛罗里达大学);National Sun Yat-Sen University(国立中山大学);National Taiwan Normal University(国立台湾师范大学)