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arXiv 2103.04168math.AP
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聚焦四维立方wave equation中激发多孤子的构造

Construction of excited multi-solitons for the focusing 4D cubic wave equation

Xu Yuan

摘要:

考虑聚焦四维三次波动方程\[ \partial_{tt}u-Δu-u^{3}=0,\quad \mbox{on}\ (t,x)\in [0,\infty)\times \mathbb{R}^{4}.\],主要结果表明在能量空间$\dot{H}^{1}\times L^{2}$中存在多个孤波,每个孤立波由一个特定的激发态通过洛伦兹变换产生,具有不同的但共线的洛伦兹速度.从Musso-Wei [34]中构建的非简并变号态推导出特定的激发态。该证明受到Martel-Merle [30]和Martelte-Martel [6]在类似背景下为5D能量临界波动方程和非线性Klein-Gordon方程开发的技术的启发。主要的困难来自于强相互作用的解决方案在4D的情况下相比,其他色散和波型模型。为了克服这个困难,需要对所涉及的激发态的渐近行为和它们的线性化算子的核有一个敏锐的理解。

英文摘要:

Consider the focusing 4D cubic wave equation \[ \partial_{tt}u-Δu-u^{3}=0,\quad \mbox{on}\ (t,x)\in [0,\infty)\times \mathbb{R}^{4}.\] The main result states the existence in energy space $\dot{H}^{1}\times L^{2}$ of multi-solitary waves where each traveling wave is generated by Lorentz transform from a specific excited state, with different but collinear Lorentz speeds. The specific excited state is deduced from the non-degenerate sign-changing state constructed in Musso-Wei [34]. The proof is inspired by the techniques developed for the 5D energy-critical wave equation and the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation in a similar context by Martel-Merle [30] and Côte-Martel [6]. The main difficulty originates from the strong interactions between solutions in the 4D case compared to other dispersive and wave-type models. To overcome the difficulty, a sharp understanding of the asymptotic behavior of the excited states involved and of the kernel of their linearized operator is needed.

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