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arXiv 2103.02389gr-qc
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对阿什泰克尔和弗里德里希关于空间无穷大的形式化的比较

A comparison of Ashtekar's and Friedrich's formalisms of spatial infinity

Queen Mary, University of London(伦敦大学玛丽女王学院)

Mariem Magdy, Juan A. Valiente Kroon

AI总结:

本文比较了阿什泰克尔和弗里德里希关于空间无穷远处的形式化,探讨了两者之间的关系,并通过数学推导证明了符合因子的存在及应用。

摘要:

彭罗斯关于渐近平坦性的想法为理解孤立系统的引力场在null无穷远处的渐近结构提供了框架。然而,由于在正则点紧缩中,空间无穷远处的奇异性,研究场在空间无穷远处的渐近行为更具挑战性。两种不同的框架试图解决这一挑战:弗里德里希的空间无穷远处圆柱体和阿什泰克尔在空间无穷远处定义的渐近闵可夫斯基时空,导致空间无穷远处的三维渐近线$\mathcal{H}$。这两种框架虽然都解决了空间无穷远处的奇异性,但两者之间的联系在文献中尚未被研究。本文旨在展示弗里德里希的圆柱体和渐近线作为空间无穷远处的关系。为此,我们首先考虑闵可夫斯基时空中的这种关系。可以证明,符合性几何方程的解提供了一个连接圆柱体和渐近线的符合因子。对于满足阿什泰克尔定义的一般时空,该符合因子无法显式确定。然而,本文提供了该符合因子存在的证明。此外,通过使用符合约束方程,系统地推导了在渐近线$\mathcal{H}$上物理场所满足的条件。最后,证明了在渐近线上的符合性几何方程解可以扩展到空间无穷远处的小邻域,通过利用常微分方程的稳定性定理。该解可以用来在$\mathcal{H}$的邻域内构造一个符合高斯系统。

英文摘要:

Penrose's idea of asymptotic flatness provides a framework for understanding the asymptotic structure of gravitational fields of isolated systems at null infinity. However, the studies of the asymptotic behaviour of fields near spatial infinity are more challenging due to the singular nature of spatial infinity in a regular point compactification for spacetimes with non-vanishing ADM mass. Two different frameworks that address this challenge are Friedrich's cylinder at spatial infinity and Ashtekar's definition of asymptotically Minkowskian spacetimes at spatial infinity that give rise to the 3-dimensional asymptote at spatial infinity $\mathcal{H}$. Both frameworks address the singularity at spatial infinity although the link between the two approaches had not been investigated in the literature. This article aims to show the relation between Friedrich's cylinder and the asymptote as spatial infinity. To do so, we initially consider this relation for Minkowski spacetime. It can be shown that the solution to the conformal geodesic equations provides a conformal factor that links the cylinder and the asymptote. For general spacetimes satisfying Ashtekar's definition, the conformal factor cannot be determined explicitly. However, proof of the existence of this conformal factor is provided in this article. Additionally, the conditions satisfied by physical fields on the asymptote $\mathcal{H}$ are derived systematically using the conformal constraint equations. Finally, it is shown that a solution to the conformal geodesic equations on the asymptote can be extended to a small neighbourhood of spatial infinity by making use of the stability theorem for ordinary differential equations. This solution can be used to construct a conformal Gaussian system in a neighbourhood of $\mathcal{H}$.

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