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arXiv 2102.11110astro-ph.SR
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食时间变化的起源:发电机产生的磁场的不同模式的贡献

Origin of eclipsing time variations: Contributions of different modes of the dynamo-generated magnetic field

Felipe H. Navarrete, Petri J. Käpylä, Dominik R. G. Schleicher, Carolina A. Ortiz, Robi Banerjee

摘要:

探测环联星行星和通过双星中的食时变来研究恒星磁场的可能性已经引起了人们对这一研究领域的兴趣。我们重新审视恒星磁场和引力四极矩$Q_{xx}$之间的联系,并比较不同的发电机产生的ETV模型与我们的模拟。我们目前的太阳质量的恒星旋转周期为8.3,1.2,和0.8天的磁流体动力学模拟和使用球谐分解的磁和四极矩进行了详细的分析。$Q_{xx}$的极值与磁场结构的变化有关。这在旋转周期为1.2天的模拟中很明显。其磁场具有比其他模型中更复杂的行为,因为大尺度非轴对称场在整个模拟中占主导地位,并且轴对称分量主要是半球形的。这触发了密度场的变化,其遵循相对于赤道的磁场不对称性,影响惯性张量的$zz$分量,从而调制$Q_{xx}$。另外两次运行的磁场在时间上变化较小,并且相对于赤道更对称,使得密度的变化较弱,因此仅看到$Q_{xx}$的小变化。如果解释通过经典的Applegate机制(潮汐锁定),在目前的模拟中获得的四极矩的变化是大约两个数量级以下的后共同包络双星的观测推断。然而,如果没有潮汐锁定的假设,我们的结果是兼容的观测ETVs。

英文摘要:

The possibility to detect circumbinary planets and to study stellar magnetic fields through eclipsing time variations (ETVs) in binary stars has sparked an increase of interest in this area of research. We revisit the connection between stellar magnetic fields and the gravitational quadrupole moment $Q_{xx}$ and compare different dynamo-generated ETV models with our simulations. We present magnetohydrodynamical simulations of solar mass stars with rotation periods of 8.3, 1.2, and 0.8 days and perform a detailed analysis of the magnetic and quadrupole moment using spherical harmonic decomposition. The extrema of $Q_{xx}$ are associated with changes in the magnetic field structure. This is evident in the simulation with a rotation period of 1.2 days. Its magnetic field has a more complex behavior than in the other models, as the large-scale nonaxisymmetric field dominates throughout the simulation and the axisymmetric component is predominantly hemispheric. This triggers variations in the density field that follow the magnetic field asymmetry with respect to the equator, affecting the $zz$ component of the inertia tensor, and thus modulating $Q_{xx}$. The magnetic field of the two other runs are less variable in time and more symmetric with respect to the equator, such that the variations in the density are weaker, and therefore only small variations in $Q_{xx}$ are seen. If interpreted via the classical Applegate mechanism (tidal locking), the quadrupole moment variations obtained in the current simulations are about two orders of magnitude below those deduced from observations of post-common-envelope binaries. However, if no tidal locking is assumed, our results are compatible with the observed ETVs.

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