In this master thesis, we extend results from classical simple homotopy theory to the world of stratified homotopy theory. To obtain a well-established framework to work in, we prove a series of results on two model categories of simplicial sets and topological spaces, both equipped with a notion of filtration, introduced by Sylvain Douteau in his PHD thesis. In particular, we show that there is a fully faithful embedding of homotopy categories from the (finite) filtered simplicial into the filtered topological setting. We also use these results to characterize the morphisms in the topological filtered homotopy category between filtered spaces that are triangulable and stratified in some very general sense as stratified homotopy classes of stratum preserving maps. Then, moving on to simple homotopy theory, we propose a class of combinatorial elementary expansions for filtered simplicial sets that generalize both the classical ones as well as a class of stratified expansions suggested by Banagl et al. We show that they fulfill a series of axioms, suggested by Eckmann and Siebenmann for the construction of simple homotopy theory. In doing so, we obtain a combinatorially defined Whitehead group and torsion for filtered simplicial sets (and hence also for triangulable stratified spaces). We then begin a detailed investigation of their formal properties, proving for example that a Mayer-Vietoris formula holds. Next, we apply our results on stratified homotopy theory to obtain a more topological description of the Whitehead group and to generalize the Whitehead torsion to arbitrary stratum preserving maps of triangulated filtered spaces. Finally, we prove that our simple homotopy theory is a generalization of the classical one, in the sense that it agrees with the latter when one considers trivially filtered simplicial sets as CW-complexes.
Stratified Whitehead's theorem and knot invariants
通过考虑保持分层的同伦,人们得到了分层空间的同伦的自然概念。本文引入了分层同伦的不变量,即分层同伦群。我们表明,他们satisify分层版本的Whitehead定理。作为一个例子,我们引入了一个由分层的同伦群定义的完全纽结不变量-在这篇文章中,介绍了层同伦不变量,层同伦群。在Montre que ces groupes d'homotopie stratifiés vérifient un analogue stratifié au théorème de Whitehead.作为例子,我们给出了一个关于同伦分层群的新的完全定义的不变量。
Path Triangulation, Cycles and Good Covers on Planar Cell Complexes. Extension of J.H.C. Whitehead's Homotopy System Geometric Realization and E.C. Zeeman's Collapsible Cone Theorems
本文介绍了有界单连通曲面区域上点的路径三角剖分,用同伦理论中的路径三角形代替Delaunay三角剖分中的普通三角形。{ \bf路径三角形}的边界是路径序列$h:I\to X, I=[0,1]$。本文的主要结果是:(1)锥$D\times I$坍缩为路径三角形$h\bigtriangleup K$,推广了E. C. Zeeman的可折叠高帽锥定理,(2)一个具有几何实现的直边的普通路径三角形推广了Veech的台球三角形,(3)一个台球$K\times I$可折叠为一个几何实现的具有曲线边的圆形路径三角形,(4)一个由有限胞腔复形的路径三角形的自由群表示定义的几何实现同伦系统推广了J.H.C. Whitehead的同伦系统几何实现定理和(5)胞腔复形的每条路径三角剖分都是一个好的覆盖。
Iterated Whitehead products in the homotopy groups of polyhedral products
Steklov Mathematical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences(俄罗斯科学院斯捷克洛夫数学研究所);Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Moscow State University(莫斯科国立大学数学力学系);Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences(俄罗斯科学院信息传输问题研究所);National Research University Higher School of Economics(国立高等经济大学);Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton(南安普顿大学数学科学系)
研究单纯复形 K 的 Davis-Januszkiewicz 空间 DJ(K) 的同伦群结构,通过 Whitehead 积生成拟李子代数 QL(K) 和 Pi-子代数 S(K),证明 S(K) 等于整个同伦群当且仅当 K 是旗复形。
一个分层空间是一个拓扑空间连同对应于不同类型奇点的分层分解。这种空间的例子在拓扑学和几何学中随处可见。分层空间的研究涉及不变量,如交上同调,这是唯一的分层保持同伦下的不变量。本文主要研究分层空间关于这些分层同伦的同伦理论。要做到这一点,我们构造模型类别分层空间,我们引入新的不变量来表征他们,过滤同伦群。一个分层空间可以被看作是一个拓扑空间$X$以及一个到层偏序集$X\to P$的连续映射。我们开始我们的研究,限制自己的过滤情况下,其中的偏序集的阶层是固定的。定义了滤单纯集的模型范畴,证明了它有一个“à la Kan”的描述,并利用滤同伦群刻画了它的弱等价性.我们推导出过滤版本的Whitehead定理的证明。然后,我们构造了一个过滤空间的模型范畴。它的弱等价是在所有滤同伦群上诱导同构的态射,它的纤维化满足Serre提升条件的滤版本。我们表明,它是Quillen等价的一类图的单纯集。然后,我们对过滤单纯集和过滤空间的模型类别之间的比较。它们由Quillen-附加词连接,类似于经典的Kan-Quillen附加词。我们猜想它实际上是一个Quillen等价。最后,与奎伦双纤维化的概念,我们表明,有模型范畴的分层空间和分层单纯集。我们表明,这两个是相关的附加保持弱等价。
Poset-stratified space structures of homotopy sets
一个偏序集分层空间是一对$(S, S \xrightarrow πP)$,它是一个拓扑空间$S$和一个连续映射$π: S \to P$,其中偏序集$P$被认为是一个拓扑空间,它具有相应的Alexandroff拓扑。在本文中,我们表明,人们可以强加这样一个偏序层空间结构的同伦集$[X, Y]$的同伦类连续映射考虑一个规范的,但非平凡的顺序(预序),即我们可以捕获同伦集$[X, Y]$作为一个对象的范畴的偏序层空间。我们考虑的顺序与\emph{dependence of maps}(Karol Borsuk)的概念有关。此外,通过同调和上同调,同伦集$[X,Y]$可以具有其他的偏序集分层空间结构。在上同调情形下,我们得到了与René Thom的\emph{dependence of cohomology classes}概念等价的一些结果,并且证明了复向量丛的同构类集合可以通过由所有特征类组成的子环的偏序集被捕获为一个偏序集分层空间.我们还证明了映射的Gottlieb群和Lusternik-Schnirelmann范畴等不变量赋予同伦集$[X,Y]$偏序集分层的空间结构