Parker Solar Probe (PSP) is providing an unprecedented view of the Sun's corona as it progressively dips closer into the solar atmosphere with each solar encounter. Each set of observations provides a unique opportunity to test and constrain global models of the solar corona and inner heliosphere and, in turn, use the model results to provide a global context for interpreting such observations. In this study, we develop a set of global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model solutions of varying degrees of sophistication for PSP's first four encounters and compare the results with in situ measurements from PSP, Stereo-A, and Earth-based spacecraft, with the objective of assessing which models perform better or worse. All models were primarily driven by the observed photospheric magnetic field using data from Solar Dynamics Observatory's Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument. Overall, we find that there are substantial differences between the model results, both in terms of the large-scale structure of the inner heliosphere during these time periods, as well as in the inferred time-series at various spacecraft. The "thermodynamic" model, which represents the "middle ground", in terms of model complexity, appears to reproduce the observations most closely for all four encounters. Our results also contradict an earlier study that had hinted that the open flux problem may disappear nearer the Sun. Instead, our results suggest that this "missing" solar flux is still missing even at 26.9 Rs, and thus it cannot be explained by interplanetary processes. Finally, the model results were also used to provide a global context for interpreting the localized in situ measurements.
Modeling hot, anisotropic ion beams in the solar wind motivated by the Parker Solar Probe observations near perihelia
The Catholic University of America(美国天主教大学);Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(NASA戈达德太空飞行中心日球物理科学部);Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学);Goddard Planetary Heliophysics Institute, University of Maryland(马里兰大学戈达德行星日球物理研究所);Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);Physics & Astronomy Department, Georgia State University(佐治亚州立大学物理与天文系);Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学月球与行星实验室)
Measurement of the Open Magnetic Flux in the Inner Heliosphere down to 0.13AU
(摘要)目的:我们试图使用帕克太阳探测器(PSP)的数据来确定可靠的估计日光层磁通量($Φ_H$),分析这是如何容易高估相比,真正的开放通量($Φ_{open}$),评估其对时间和空间的依赖,并将其与简单的估计从位场源表面(PFSS)模型。方法:我们使用PSP、STEREO A和Wind的数据比较不同的计算方法。利用实测径向趋势产生合成数据,探讨了波动和大尺度结构对估计的影响。最佳估计值作为时间和空间的函数计算,并与PFSS模型的估计值进行比较。结果如下:径向变化的波动的HMF矢量和帕克螺旋角的变化导致的平均值和模式的标准度量,以独立于中心值的矢量波动的半径演变。通过将矢量投影到背景Parker螺旋方向,可以最好地缓解这种情况。尽管如此,我们发现在接近1AU的通量的一个小的增强。局部反转磁力线的比例随着距离太阳的径向距离而增长,这仍然是导致这种过度的可能物理原因,但在PSP的近日点可以忽略不计。同样,波动的影响一般是大大减少在PSP的近日点。总体最佳估计值约为2.5 nT AU 2。对纬度或经度没有明显的依赖性。PFSS模型预测较低的值为1.2至1.8 nT AU 2。结论:在PSP近日点,相对于平均Parker螺旋方向,对日球通量进行了稳健估计,在该近日点,波动的衰减和局部通量反演的重要性减弱意味着$Φ_H$ ~ $Φ_{open}$ .尽管如此,估计仍然太高,无法用PFSS模型…
Effects of Alfvénicity on the Compressible Energy Cascade in Magnetohydrodynamic Solar Wind Turbulence: Evidence from Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter, and WIND observations
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales(布宜诺斯艾利斯大学,理学院);CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física Interdisciplinaria y Aplicada (INFINA)(阿根廷国家科学研究委员会–布宜诺斯艾利斯大学,交叉与应用物理研究所);Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校,物理系);Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park(马里兰大学帕克分校,天文学系);Planetary Magnetospheres Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(NASA戈达德太空飞行中心,行星磁层实验室)
Large-scale Structure and Turbulence Transport in the Inner Solar Wind -- Comparison of Parker Solar Probe's First Five Orbits with a Global 3D Reynolds-averaged MHD Model
Detailed imaging of coronal rays with the Parker Solar Probe
宽视场太阳探测器(WISPR)在第一次相遇时,当帕克太阳探测器(PSP)位于0.25天文单位内时,在15 R $_\odot$以下的高度获得了第一批高分辨率的日冕射线图像。我们利用这些显着的图像来揭示日冕射线的结构在尺度上是不容易辨别的图像从近1天文单位。为了分析和解释WISPR观测结果,它在径向和纵向上都迅速演变,我们使用第一次相遇的完整WISPR数据集构建了一个纬度与时间图。从这个地图的开发,也从连续的WISPR图像,我们显示了多个子结构内流光和pseudostreamers的存在。WISPR揭示了流注射线密集部分的精细尺度结构,我们将其确定为通常在太阳风中原位测量的日光层等离子体片的太阳起源。我们利用3D磁流体动力学模型,我们构建合成白光图像来研究WISPR观察到的日冕结构的起源。总体而言,包括航天器对单个日冕结构的相对运动的影响,我们可以解释几个观测特征的WISPR。此外,我们涉及到一些日冕射线在日光层电流片,是从1天文单位未解决的褶皱。其他射线似乎是由于开放的磁通量管固有的不均匀分布而形成的。
Turbulence Transport Modeling and First Orbit Parker Solar Probe (PSP) Observations
帕克太阳探测器(PSP)于2018年11月6日达到其第一个轨道近日点,达到约0.165 au(35.55 R $_\odot$)的日心距离。在这里,我们研究了充分发展的湍流与缓慢的太阳风沿PSP轨迹之间的35.55 R $_\odot$和131.64 R $_\odot$在出站方向的演变,比较观测到的理论湍流传输模型。几个湍流量,如脉动动能和相应的相关长度,密度波动的方差,和太阳风质子温度的PSP SWEAP等离子体数据沿其轨迹之间的35.55 R $_\odot$和131.64 R $_\odot$。将PSP导出的湍流量的演变与Zank等人(2017)最近开发的近不可压缩磁流体动力学(NI MHD)湍流传输模型的数值解进行了比较。我们发现合理的理论和观测结果之间的协议。在这些比较的基础上,我们推导出其他理论湍流量,如前向和后向传播模式的能量,总湍流能量,归一化剩余能量和交叉螺旋度,起伏磁能,以及相应的前向和后向传播模式的相关长度,剩余能量,和起伏磁能。
Nonlocal Evolution of Magnetic Helicity across the Magnetohydrodynamic-Kinetic Interface
Technische Universität Braunschweig(布伦瑞克工业大学);Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research(马克斯·普朗克太阳系研究所);Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia(意大利国家地球物理和火山学研究所);University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);KTH Royal Institute of Technology(瑞典皇家理工学院);Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);Ilia State University(伊利亚州立大学);Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学);Adelaide University(阿德莱德大学);National Institute for Space Research (INPE)(国家空间研究所)