One of the key challenges in solar and heliospheric physics is to understand the acceleration of the solar wind. As a super-sonic, super-Alfvénic plasma flow, the solar wind carries mass, momentum, energy, and angular momentum from the Sun into interplanetary space. We present a framework based on two-fluid magnetohydrodynamics to estimate the flux of these quantities based on spacecraft data independent of the heliocentric distance of the location of measurement. Applying this method to the Ulysses dataset allows us to study the dependence of these fluxes on heliolatitude and solar cycle. The use of scaling laws provides us with the heliolatitudinal dependence and the solar-cycle dependence of the scaled Alfvénic and sonic Mach numbers as well as the Alfvén and sonic critical radii. Moreover, we estimate the distance at which the local thermal pressure and the local energy density in the magnetic field balance. These results serve as predictions for observations with Parker Solar Probe, which currently explores the very inner heliosphere, and Solar Orbiter, which will measure the solar wind outside the plane of the ecliptic in the inner heliosphere during the course of the mission.
A Steady-State Picture of Solar Wind Acceleration and Charge State Composition Derived from a Global Wave-Driven MHD Model
与快速流相比,在慢速($<$ 400 km s $^{-1}$)太阳风流中发现的更高的电荷状态支持了慢风起源于封闭的日冕环并通过重连间歇性释放的假设。在这里,我们研究是否一个高度电离的慢风也可以形成沿稳定和开放的磁场线。我们使用AWSoM模型的稳态太阳大气,一个全球磁流体动力学模型驱动的Alfv{é}n波,并应用电离代码来计算电荷状态的演变沿建模的开放场线。这构成了覆盖现实磁场中所有纬度的第一电荷状态计算。的比率$O^{+7}/O^{+6}$和$C^{+6}/C^{+5}$相比,在现场观测,并被发现是较高的慢风,观察到的,但是,他们在两种风类型的预测。建模的离子分数的S,Si和Fe被用来计算线的视线强度,这是比较的EIS观测以上的冕洞。该协议是部分的,并表明所有的电离率都低于预测。假设超热电子的存在,改善了与EIS和ESTA观测的一致性;重要的是,保持了慢风中较高电离的趋势。结果表明,可能存在一种稳定且高度电离的慢风子类。进一步的分析表明,它起源于日冕洞边界(CHB),其中模拟的电子密度和温度高于洞内,导致更快的电离。CHB的这种性质是全球性的,并且得到EUV层析成像的观测支持。
Kelvin--Helmholtz instability in a cool solar jet in the framework of Hall magnetohydrodynamics: A case study
本文研究了沿轴向运动的圆柱形磁通管中的磁流体动力学(MHD)模发生Kelvin-Helmholtz(KH)不稳定的条件。本文从线性化的霍尔磁流体力学方程出发,对冷等离子体的实波数和复角波频率\textbf{/complex wave phase velocities},导出了磁流体力学模\textbf{obtained}的色散关系.色散方程在固定的输入参数和变化的$l_\mathrm{Hall}/a$比值下数值求解,其中$l_\mathrm{Hall} = c/ω_\mathrm{pi}$($c$是光速,$ω_\mathrm{pi}$是离子等离子体频率)和$a$是通量管半径。结果表明,磁流体动力学模式的稳定性取决于四个参数:磁通量管与其周围环境的密度差、内外磁场的比值、$l_\mathrm{Hall}/a$的比值和Alfvén马赫数\textbf{defined as the ratio of the tube axial velocity to Alfvén speed inside the flux tube}的值。研究发现,在高密度对比度下,当$l_\mathrm{Hall}/a$值较小时,在某一临界Alfvén马赫数(或等效的临界流速)下,扭折($m = 1$)模式会因KH不稳定性而变得不稳定,但阈值$l_\mathrm{Hall}/a$可以抑制KH不稳定性的发生。然而,在…
Exploring the Nature of EUV Waves in a Radiative Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation
日冕极紫外(EUV)波是在日冕中传播的大尺度扰动,其物理性质和起源已经讨论了几十年。我们首次报道了日冕极紫外波及其伴随的准周期波列的三维辐射磁流体动力学(RMHD)模拟。用MURaM程序进行了数值试验,模拟了太阳活动区是由对流层的磁通量出射到日冕而形成的。日冕极紫外波是由磁通量绳的喷发驱动的,这也会引起C级耀斑。它以半圆形的形状传播,初始速度范围从大约550到700 km s $^{-1}$,这对应于大约1.2的平均马赫数(相对于快磁声波)。此外,等离子体密度,压力和切向磁场在波前的突然增加证实了快模式激波的日冕EUV波的性质。准周期波列的周期约为30秒被发现作为多个二次波前传播的领先波前和前面的喷发磁通量绳。我们还注意到,3D空间中的真实波前可能非常不均匀,然而,EUV发射的视线积分显著地平滑了3D中的尖锐结构,并导致更漫射的波前。
Interstellar neutral helium in the heliosphere from IBEX observations. III. Mach number of the flow, velocity vector, and temperature from the first six years of measurements