The solar corona and young solar wind may be characterized by critical surfaces -- the sonic, Alfvén, and first plasma-$β$ unity surfaces -- that demarcate regions where the solar wind flow undergoes certain crucial transformations. Global numerical simulations and remote sensing observations offer a natural mode for the study of these surfaces at large scales, thus providing valuable context for the high-resolution in-situ measurements expected from the soon-to-be-launched Parker Solar Probe (PSP). The present study utilizes global three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the solar wind to characterize the critical surfaces and investigate the flow in propinquitous regions. Effects of solar activity are incorporated by varying source magnetic dipole tilts and employing magnetogram-based boundary conditions. A magnetohydrodynamic turbulence model is self-consistently coupled to the bulk flow equations, enabling investigation of turbulence properties of the flow in the vicinity of critical regions. The simulation results are compared with a variety of remote sensing observations. A simulated PSP trajectory is used to provide contextual predictions for the spacecraft in terms of the computed critical surfaces. Broad agreement is seen in the interpretation of the present results in comparison with existing remote sensing results, both from heliospheric imaging and from radio scintillation studies. The trajectory analyses show that the period of time that PSP is likely to spend inside the $β=1$, sonic and Alfvén surfaces depends sensitively on the degree of solar activity and the tilt of the solar dipole and location of the heliospheric current sheet.
On the Radial Evolution of the Solar Wind : The Source Alignment Method Applied to Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter Observations
Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校空间科学实验室);Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校物理系);LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris(巴黎天文台,PSL大学,CNRS,索邦大学,巴黎大学 LIRA);Laboratoire Cogitamus(Cogitamus 实验室);IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES(图卢兹大学 IRAP,CNRS,CNES);Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam(波茨坦莱布尼茨天体物理研究所)
Modeling of Joint Parker Solar Probe - Metis/Solar Orbiter Observations
我们提出了联合帕克太阳探测器(PSP)-梅蒂斯/太阳轨道器(SolO)正交观测的第一个理论模型。综合观测描述了从扩展日冕($3.5-6.3$ R $_\odot$)到日光层内部(23.2 R $_\odot$)的缓慢太阳风等离子体包裹的演变。Metis/SolO仪器远程测量太阳风速度,测量范围为$96-201$公里$^{-1}$,PSP现场测量太阳风等离子体,观测径向速度为219.34公里$^{-1}$。我们从理论上和观测上发现,太阳风的速度在3.3 - 4 R $_\odot$范围内迅速加速,然后随距离的增加而逐渐增加。同样,我们发现理论太阳风密度与远程和现场观测的太阳风密度是一致的。PSP观测到的标准化交叉螺旋度和标准化剩余能量分别为0.96和-0.07,表明慢速太阳风具有很强的阿尔夫风性质。理论NI/板结果与PSP测量非常相似,这是高度磁场对齐的径向流的结果,确保PSP可以测量板波动而不是2D。最后,我们计算了理论二维和平板湍流压力,发现理论平板压力与PSP观测结果非常相似。
Connecting Solar Orbiter remote-sensing observations and Parker Solar Probe in-situ measurements with a numerical MHD reconstruction of the Parker spiral
Sunward Streaming 3He-rich SEP Events Observed by Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe during Perihelion Passage
Southwest Research Institute(西南研究所);Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian(天体物理学中心——哈佛与史密森尼学会);Space Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院空间辐射实验室);Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);The University of Texas at San Antonio(得克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校)
Analysis of the distribution, rotation and scale characteristics of solar wind switchbacks: comparison between the first and second encounters of Parker Solar Probe
Determination of Solar Wind Angular Momentum and Alfvén Radius from Parker Solar Probe Observations
作为太阳的基本参数,阿尔文半径和角动量损失决定了太阳风如何从亚阿尔文转变为超阿尔文,以及太阳如何向下旋转。本文提出了一种基于帕克太阳探测器(PSP)观测资料确定太阳风角动量通量的方法。通过对距太阳0.3 au以内的前四次相遇的平均数据,得到了黄道面附近约为$0.15\times10^{30}$ dyn cm sr $^{-1}$的通量以及粒子与磁场之间0.7:1的通量分配。角动量通量及其粒子分量随太阳风速度的增大而减小,而场中的通量则保持显著的恒定。阿尔文半径的速度依赖性也被观察到,这表明太阳周围有一个“崎岖”的阿尔文表面。根据PSP的轨道设计,只有在相对缓慢的太阳风下,阿尔文表面以下的大量潜水才是合理的。根据在PSP观测到的相同太阳风流的加速度剖面和1天文单位附近的径向对准航天器的加速度剖面,对未探测器进行了评估。我们说明了Réville等人提出的“角动量佯谬”可以通过考虑α粒子的贡献来消除。PSP观测到的大的质子横向速度可能是太阳风加速过程中所固有的,在角动量守恒的情况下,α粒子产生了相反的横向速度。一些恢复的α参数的初步分析往往同意的结果。
Velocity-space turbulent cascade in the near-Sun solar wind: first insights from the Parker Solar Probe mission
University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校空间科学实验室);KTH Royal Institute of Technology(瑞典皇家理工学院);European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC)(欧洲航天局(ESA)欧洲空间天文中心);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心);Laboratory of Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder(科罗拉多大学博尔德校区大气与空间物理实验室);Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita` della Calabria(卡塔尼亚大学物理系)
Solar physics in the 2020s: DKIST, parker solar probe, and solar orbiter as a multi-messenger constellation
美国国家科学基金会(NSF)Daniel K. Inouye太阳望远镜(DKIST)即将在Haleakala(夏威夷)山顶开始运行。DKIST将加入NASA和ESA帕克太阳探测器和太阳轨道器遭遇任务的早期科学阶段。通过结合对近太阳等离子体环境的现场测量和对太阳多层的详细远程观测,这三个天文台形成了一个前所未有的多信使星座,以研究太阳系内部的磁连通性。本白皮书概述了该多信使套件所实现的协同科学。
Characterization of compressible fluctuations in solar wind streams dominated by balanced and imbalanced turbulence: Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter and Wind observations
The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校)
研究通过分析Wind、Solar Orbiter和Parker Solar Probe的数据,探讨太阳风中压缩性波动的尺度依赖性和与等离子体β值及径向距离的关系,揭示压缩性波动在太阳风加速和加热中的作用。
Predictions for the First Parker Solar Probe Encounter
我们研究阿尔文波太阳大气模型(AWSoM)预测的第一个帕克太阳探测器(PSP)遇到。我们关注的是以第一近日点为中心的12天最近距离。AWSoM(van der Holst等人,2014)允许我们在通过阿尔文波湍流进行日冕加热的背景下解释PSP数据。日冕加热和加速是通过向外传播的低频阿尔文波来解决的,阿尔文波部分被阿尔文速度梯度反射。这些反向传播的波的非线性相互作用导致湍流能量级联。为了将波耗散分配给电子和各向异性质子温度,我们采用了如Alberran等人(2011)所述的线性波阻尼和非线性随机加热理论的结果。我们发现,在第一次遇到,PSP是在接近日光层电流片(HCS)和在慢风。PSP两次穿越HCS,即2018/11/03 UT 01:02和2018/11/08 UT 19:09,近日点出现在HCS南侧。我们预测的等离子体状态沿PSP的轨迹,这表明一个占主导地位的质子平行温度导致等离子体是消防水龙带不稳定。
Possible Evolution of Minifilament-Eruption-Produced Solar Coronal Jets, Jetlets, and Spicules, into Magnetic-Twist-Wave "Switchbacks" Observed by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP)
Large-scale Structure and Turbulence Transport in the Inner Solar Wind -- Comparison of Parker Solar Probe's First Five Orbits with a Global 3D Reynolds-averaged MHD Model