默认遗传控制机制的进化
Evolution of default genetic control mechanisms
摘要：
我们提出了一个模型的控制系统在环境约束下的基因组的进化。该模型在概念上遵循Jacob和Monod的基因控制模型。基因含有控制元件，其响应于细胞的内部状态以及环境以控制编码区的表达。控制和编码区进化以最大化表达的编码序列和环境之间的适应度函数。该模型运行了118次，平均运行了1.4 x 10^6个“世代”，每个世代都有一系列起始参数，这些参数探索了基因组进化出“默认风格”控制的条件。出乎意料的是，进化出的控制逻辑与环境的复杂性并没有显著的相关性。遗传逻辑与基因组的复杂性以及在任何一个时刻细胞中活跃的基因的比例密切相关。更复杂的基因组与基因控制的进化相关，其中基因是活跃的（“默认开启”），而低比例的基因表达与基因逻辑相关，其中基因偏向于不活跃，除非被积极激活（“默认关闭”逻辑）。我们将讨论这可能与复杂的真核基因组的进化有关，该基因组以“默认关闭”模式运行。
英文摘要：
We present a model of the evolution of control systems in a genome under environmental constraints. The model conceptually follows the Jacob and Monod model of gene control. Genes contain control elements which respond to the internal state of the cell as well as the environment to control expression of a coding region. Control and coding regions evolve to maximize a fitness function between expressed coding sequences and the environment. 118 runs of the model run to an average of 1.4 x 10^6 `generations' each with a range of starting parameters probed the conditions under which genomes evolved a `default style' of control. Unexpectedly, the control logic that evolved was not significantly correlated to the complexity of the environment. Genetic logic was strongly correlated with genome complexity and with the fraction of genes active in the cell at any one time. More complex genomes correlated with the evolution of genetic controls in which genes were active (`default on'), and a low fraction of genes being expressed correlated with a genetic logic in which genes were biased to being inactive unless positively activated (`default off' logic). We discuss how this might relate to the evolution of the complex eukaryotic genome, which operates in a `default off' mode.
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