In this paper we present results on asymptotic characteristics of multivariate function classes in the uniform norm. Our main interest is the approximation of functions with mixed smoothness parameter not larger than $1/2$. Our focus will be on the behavior of the best $m$-term trigonometric approximation as well as the decay of Kolmogorov and entropy numbers in the uniform norm. It turns out that these quantities share a few fundamental abstract properties like their behavior under real interpolation, such that they can be treated simultaneously. We start with proving estimates on finite rank convolution operators with range in a step hyperbolic cross. These results imply bounds for the corresponding function space embeddings by a well-known decomposition technique. The decay of Kolmogorov numbers have direct implications for the problem of sampling recovery in $L_2$ in situations where recent results in the literature are not applicable since the corresponding approximation numbers are not square summable.
Results on asymptotic characteristics of classes of functions with mixed smoothness are obtained in the paper. Our main interest is in estimating the Kolmogorov widths of classes with small mixed smoothness. We prove the corresponding bounds for the unit balls of the trigonometric polynomials with frequencies from a hyperbolic cross. We demonstrate how our results on the Kolmogorov widths imply new upper bounds for the optimal sampling recovery in the $L_2$ norm of functions with small mixed smoothness.
Although numerous studies have focused on normal Besov spaces, limited studies have been conducted on exponentially weighted Besov spaces. Therefore, we define exponentially weighted Besov space $VB_{p,q}^{δ,w}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ whose smoothness includes normal Besov spaces, Besov spaces with dominating mixed smoothness, and their interpolation. Furthermore, we obtain wavelet characterization of $VB_{p,q}^{δ,w}(\mathbb{R}^d)$. Next, approximation formulas such as sparse grids are derived using the determined formula. The results of this study are expected to provide considerable insight into the …
We study high-dimensional nonlinear approximation of functions in Hölder-Nikol'skii spaces $H^α_\infty(\mathbb{I}^d)$ on the unit cube $\mathbb{I}^d:=[0,1]^d$ having mixed smoothness, by parametric manifolds. The approximation error is measured in the $L_\infty$-norm. In this context, we explicitly constructed methods of nonlinear approximation, and give dimension-dependent estimates of the approximation error explicitly in dimension $d$ and number $N$ measuring computation complexity of the parametric manifold of approximants. For $d=2$, we derived a novel right asymptotic order of noncontinu…
This paper is a continuation of the papers [21] and [22]. Here we shall investigate the asymptotic behaviour of Weyl and Bernstein numbers of embeddings of Sobolev spaces with dominating mixed smoothness into Lebesgue spaces.
Under certain restrictions we describe the set of all pointwise multipliers in case of Sobolev and Besov spaces of dominating mixed smoothness. In addition we shall give necessary and sufficient conditions for the case that these spaces form algebras with respect to pointwise multiplication.
In this paper we shall give two-sided sharp estimates of Kolmogorov numbers of embeddings of the Besov spaces with dominating mixed smoothness $S^t_{p,q}B((0,1)^d)$ into $ L_{\infty}((0,1)^d)$.
We study the embedding $\text{id}: \ell_p^b(\ell_q^d) \to \ell_r^b(\ell_u^d)$ and prove matching bounds for the entropy numbers $e_k(\text{id})$ provided that $0<p<r\leq \infty$ and $0<q\leq u\leq \infty$. Based on this finding, we establish optimal dimension-free asymptotic rates for the entropy numbers of embeddings of Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces of small dominating mixed smoothness which settles an open question in the literature. Both results rely on a novel covering construction recently found by Edmunds and Netrusov.
In this paper we give exact values of the best $n$-term approximation widths of diagonal operators between $\ell_p(\mathbb{N})$ and $\ell_q(\mathbb{N})$ with $0<p,q\leq \infty$. The result will be applied to obtain the asymptotic constants of best $n$-term approximation widths of embeddings of function spaces with mixed smoothness by trigonometric system.
We prove that a variant of the classical Sobolev space of first-order dominating mixed smoothness is equivalent (under a certain condition) to the unanchored ANOVA space on $\mathbb{R}^d$, for $d \geq 1$. Both spaces are Hilbert spaces involving weight functions, which determine the behaviour as different variables tend to $\pm \infty$, and weight parameters, which represent the influence of different subsets of variables. The unanchored ANOVA space on $\mathbb{R}^d$ was initially introduced by Nichols & Kuo in 2014 to analyse the error of quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) approximations for integrals o…
We continue our investigations on pointwise multipliers for Besov spaces of dominating mixed smoothness. This time we study the algebra property of the classes $S^r_{p,q}B(\mathbb{R}^d)$ with respect to pointwise multiplication. In addition if $p\leq q$, we are able to describe the space of all pointwise multipliers for $S^r_{p,q}B(\mathbb{R}^d)$.
The article examines Nikolskii and Besov spaces with norms defined using "$L_p$-averaged" mixed moduli of continuity of functions of appropriate orders, instead of mixed moduli of continuity of known orders for certain mixed derivative functions. The author builds continuous linear mappings of such spaces of functions defined on cube $ I^d, $ to ordinary Nikolskii and Besov spaces of mixed smoothness in $ \mathbb R^d, $ that are function extension operators, thus incurring coincidence of both kinds of spaces on the cube $ I^d. $
We compare Besov spaces with isotropic smoothness with Besov spaces of dominating mixed smoothness. Necessary and sufficient conditions for continuous embeddings will be given.
Kolmogorov widths of an intersection of Besov classes with dominating mixed smoothness in a Besov space
Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University（莫斯科国立大学力学与数学系）；Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics（莫斯科基础与应用数学中心）
We introduce a suitable notion of asymptotic smoothness on infinite dimensional Banach spaces, and we prove that, under some structural restrictions on the space, the convex envelope of an asymptotically smooth function is asymptotically smooth. Furthermore, we study convexity and smoothness properties of polynomial norms, and we obtain that a polynomial norm of degree N has modulus of convexity of power type N.
We consider the problem of determining the asymptotic order of the Gelfand numbers of mixed-(quasi-)norm embeddings $\ell^b_p(\ell^d_q) \hookrightarrow \ell^b_r(\ell^d_u)$ given that $p \leq r$ and $q \leq u$, with emphasis on cases with $p\leq 1$ and/or $q\leq 1$. These cases turn out to be related to structured sparsity. We obtain sharp bounds in a number of interesting parameter constellations. Our new matching bounds for the Gelfand numbers of the embeddings of $\ell_1^b(\ell_2^d)$ and $\ell_2^b(\ell_1^d)$ into $\ell_2^b(\ell_2^d)$ imply optimality assertions for the recovery of block-spar…
In this paper, we present a characterization of support functionals and smooth points in $L_{0}^Φ$, the Musielak-Orlicz space equipped with the Orlicz norm. As a result, criterion for the smoothness of $L_{0}^Φ$ is also obtained. Some expressions involving the norms of functionals in $(L_{0}^Φ)^{*}$, the topological dual of $L_{0}^Φ$, are proved for arbitrary Musielak-Orlicz functions.
We study the smoothness and the norm attainment of bounded bilinear operators between Banach spaces, using the concepts of Birkhoff-James orthogonality and semi-inner-products. In the finite-dimensional case, we characterize Birkhoff-James orthogonality of bilinear operators in terms of the norm attainment set. This yields a nice characterization of smoothness of bilinear operators between Banach spaces, in the finite-dimensional case. Without any restriction on the dimension of the space, we obtain a complete characterization of the norm attainment set of a bounded bilinear operator using sem…
We observe that the classical notion of numerical radius gives rise to a notion of smoothness in the space of bounded linear operators on certain Banach spaces, whenever the numerical radius is a norm. We demonstrate an important class of \emph{real} Banach space $ \mathbb{X} $ for which the numerical radius defines a norm on $ \mathbb{L}(\mathbb{X}), $ the space of all bounded linear operators on $ \mathbb{X} $. We characterize Birkhoff-James orthogonality in the space of bounded linear operators on a finite-dimensional Banach space, endowed with the numerical radius norm. Some examples are a…
Let $ξ= \{x^j\}_{j=1}^n$ be a grid of $n$ points in the $d$-cube ${\II}^d:=[0,1]^d$, and $Φ= \{ϕ_j\}_{j =1}^n$ a family of $n$ functions on ${\II}^d$. We define the linear sampling algorithm $L_n(Φ,ξ,\cdot)$ for an approximate recovery of a continuous function $f$ on ${\II}^d$ from the sampled values $f(x^1), ..., f(x^n)$, by $$L_n(Φ,ξ,f)\ := \ \sum_{j=1}^n f(x^j)ϕ_j$$. For the Besov class $B^α_{p,θ}$ of mixed smoothness $α$ (defined as the unit ball of the Besov space $\MB$), to study optimality of $L_n(Φ,ξ,\cdot)$ in $L_q({\II}^d)$ we use the quantity $$r_n(B^α_{p,θ})_q \ := \ \inf_{H,ξ} \ \…
In this paper we present a comprehensive treatment of function spaces with logarithmic smoothness (Besov, Sobolev, Triebel-Lizorkin). We establish the following results: Sharp embeddings between the Besov spaces defined by differences and by Fourier-analytical decompositions as well as between Besov and Sobolev/Triebel-Lizorkin spaces; Various new characterizations for Besov norms in terms of different K-functionals. For instance, we derive characterizations via ball averages, approximation methods, heat kernels, and Bianchini-type norms; Sharp estimates for Besov norms of derivatives and pote…
We show that smoothness implies norm-controlled inversion: the smoothness of an element $a$ in a Banach algebra with a one-parameter automorphism group is preserved under inversion, and the norm of the inverse $a^{-1}$ is controlled by the smoothness of $a$ and by spectral data. In our context smooth subalgebras are obtained with the classical constructions of approximation theory and resemble spaces of differentiable functions, Besov spaces or Bessel potential spaces. To treat ultra-smoothness, we resort to Dales-Davie algebras. Furthermore, based on Baskakov's work, we derive explicit norm c…
We consider the difference $f(H_1)-f(H_0)$ for self-adjoint operators $H_0$ and $H_1$ acting in a Hilbert space. We establish a new class of estimates for the operator norm and the Schatten class norms of this difference. Our estimates utilise ideas of scattering theory and involve conditions on $H_0$ and $H_1$ in terms of the Kato smoothness. They allow for a much wider class of functions $f$ (including some unbounded ones) than previously available results do. As an important technical tool, we propose a new notion of Schatten class valued smoothness and develop a new framework for double op…
This is a contribution to the theory of Lizorkin--Triebel spaces having mixed Lebesgue norms and quasi-homogeneous smoothness. We discuss their characterisation in terms of general quasi-norms based on convolutions. In particular, this covers the case of local means, in Triebel's terminology. The main step is an extension of some crucial inequalities due to Rychkov to the case with mixed norms.
The paper is concerned with Besov spaces of variable smoothness $B^{φ_{0}}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^{n},\{t_{k}\})$, in which the norms are defined in terms of convolutions with smooth functions. A relation is found between the spaces $B^{φ_{0}}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^{n},\{t_{k}\})$ and the spaces $\widetilde{B}^{l}_{p,q,r}(\mathbb{R}^{n},\{t_{k}\})$, which were introduced earlier by the author.
In this paper the authors obtain a new equivalent norms of the Besov spaces of variable smoothness and integrability. Our main tools are the continuous version of Calderon reproducing formula, maximal inequalities and variable exponent technique, but allowing the parameters to vary from point to point will raise extra difficulties which, in general, are overcome by imposing regularity assumptions on these exponents.
We prove a multivariate Whitney type theorem for the local anisotropic polynomial approximation in $L_p(Q)$ with $1\leq p\leq \infty$. Here $Q$ is a $d$-parallelepiped in $\RR^d$ with sides parallel to the coordinate axes. We consider the error of best approximation of a function $f$ by algebraic polynomials of fixed degree at most $r_i - 1$ in variable $x_i,\ i=1,...,d$, and relate it to a so-called total mixed modulus of smoothness appropriate to characterizing the convergence rate of the approximation error. This theorem is derived from a Johnen type theorem on equivalence between a certain…
The mixed-norm versions of the Hölder and Minkowski integral inequalities are used to produce new, general estimates involving symmetric geometric means of mixed norms. Various existing mixed-norm estimates are shown to be simple special cases of these new results. Examples are also given of applying mixed-norm Hölder and Minkowski to other estimates, providing much easier proofs. Finally, the effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated by deriving a new inequality which combines features from two separate previous results.
We introduce stronger versions of the usual notions of martingale type p <= 2 and cotype q >= 2 of a Banach space X and show that these concepts are equivalent to uniform p-smoothness and q-convexity, respectively. All these are metric concepts, so they depend on the particular norm in X. These concepts allow us to get some more insight into the fine line between X being isomorphic to a uniformly p-smooth space or being uniformly p-smooth itself. Instead of looking at Banach spaces, we consider linear operators between Banach spaces right away. The situation of a Banach space X can be rediscov…
Inequalities for product operators on mixed norm Lebesgue spaces and permuted mixed norm Lebesgue spaces are established. They depend only on inequalities for the factors and on the Lebesgue indices involved. Inequalities for the bivariate Laplace transform are given to illustrate the method. Also, an elementary proof is presented for an $n$-variable Young's inequality in mixed norm spaces.
In this paper we present the containment relationship between the spaces of analytic functions with average radial integrability RM(p,q) and a family of mixed norm spaces.
A new general Hormander type condition involving anisotropies and mixed norms is introduced, and boundedness results for Fourier multi- pliers on anisotropic Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces of distributions with mixed Lebesgue norms are obtained. As an application, the continuity of such operators is established on mixed Sobolev and Lebesgue spaces too. Some lifting properties and equivalent norms are obtained as well.
Our main goal in this work is to further improve the mixed norm estimates due to Fournier, and also Algervik and Kolyada, to more general rearrangement invariant (r.i.) spaces. In particular we find the optimal domains and the optimal ranges for these embeddings between mixed norm spaces and r.i. spaces.
Order estimates for the Kolmogorov widths of an intersection of two finite-dimensional balls in a mixed norm under some conditions on the parameters are obtained.
In this paper, we consider a new weak norm, iterated weak norm in Lebesgue spaces with mixed norms. We study properties of the mixed weak norm and the iterated weak norm and present the relationship between the two weak norms. Even for the ordinary Lebesgue spaces, the two weak norms are not equivalent and any one of them can not control the other one. We give some convergence and completeness results for both weak norms. We study the convergence in truncated norm, which is a substitution of the convergence in measure for mixed Lebesgue spaces. And we give a characterization of the convergence…
The targets of this article are threefold. The first one is to give a survey on the recent developments of function spaces with mixed norms, including mixed Lebesgue spaces, iterated weak Lebesgue spaces, weak mixed-norm Lebesgue spaces and mixed Morrey spaces as well as anisotropic mixed-norm Hardy spaces. The second one is to provide a detailed proof for a useful inequality about mixed Lebesgue norms and the Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator and also to improve some known results on the maximal function characterizations of anisotropic mixed-norm Hardy spaces and the boundedness of Calderón…
