This paper studies the family of piecewise linear differential systems in the plane with two pieces separated by a switching curve $y=x^{m}$, where $m>1$ is an arbitrary positive. By analysing the first order Melnikov function, we give an upper bound and an lower bound of the maximum number of limit cycles which bifurcate from the period annulus around the origin under polynomial perturbations of degree $n$. The results shows that the degree of switching curves affect the number of limit cycles.
This paper studies the family of piecewise linear differential systems in the plane with two pieces separated by a cubic curve. By analyzing the obtained first order Melnikov function, we give an upper bound of the number of limit cycles which bifurcate from the period annulus around the origin under $n$ degree polynomial perturbations. In the case $n=1$ and 2, we obtain that there have exactly 3 and 6 limit cycles bifurcating from the period annulus respectively. The result shows that the switching curves affect the number of the appearing of limit cycles.
We study a class of planar continuous piecewise linear vector fields with three zones. Using the Poincaré map and some techniques for proving the existence of limit cycles for smooth differential systems, we prove that this class admits at least two limit cycles that appear by perturbations of a period annulus. Moreover, we describe the bifurcation of the limit cycles for this class through two examples of two-parameter families of piecewise linear vector fields with three zones.
In this paper, we study the number of limit cycles that can bifurcating from a periodic annulus in discontinuous planar piecewise linear Hamiltonian differential system with three zones separated by two parallel straight lines. We prove that if the central subsystem, i.e. the system defined between the two parallel lines, has a real center and the others subsystems have centers or saddles, then we have at least three limit cycles that appear after perturbations of periodic annulus. For this, we study the number of zeros of a Melnikov function for piecewise Hamiltonian system and present a norm…
In this paper, we are concerned about smoothing of Filippov systems around homoclinic-like connections to regular-tangential singularities. We provide conditions to guarantee the existence of limit cycles bifurcating from such connections. Additional conditions are also provided to ensured the stability and uniqueness of such limit cycles. All the proofs are based on the construction of the first return map of the regularized Filippov system around homoclinic-like connections. Such a map is obtained by using a recent characterization of the local behaviour of the regularized Filippov system ar…
We study the maximum number of limit cycles that can bifurcate from a degenerate center of a cubic homogeneous polynomial differential system. Using the averaging method of second order and perturbing inside the class of all cubic polynomial differential systems we prove that at most three limit cycles can bifurcate from the degenerate center. As far as we know this is the first time that a complete study up to second order in the small parameter of the perturbation is done for studying the limit cycles which bifurcate from the periodic orbits surrounding a degenerate center (a center whose li…
We study the number of limit cycles bifurcating from a piecewise quadratic system. All the differential systems considered are piecewise in two zones separated by a straight line. We prove the existence of 16 crossing limit cycles in this class of systems. If we denote by $H_p(n)$ the extension of the Hilbert number to degree $n$ piecewise polynomial differential systems, then $H_p(2)\geq 16.$ As fas as we are concerned, this is the best lower bound for the quadratic class. Moreover, all the limit cycles appear in one nest bifurcating from the period annulus of some isochronous quadratic cente…
In this paper, we generalize the Picard-Fuchs equation method to study the bifurcation of limit cycles of perturbed differential systems with two switching lines. We obtain the detailed expression of the corresponding first order Melnikov function which can be used to get the upper bound of the number of limit cycles for the perturbed system by using Picard-Fuchs equation. It is worth noting that we greatly simplify the computations and this method can be applied to study the number of limit cycles of other differential systems with two switching lines. Our results also show that the number of…
In this paper, we study the number of limit cycles that can bifurcate from a periodic annulus in discontinuous planar piecewise linear Hamiltonian differential system with three zones separated by two parallel straight lines, such that the linear differential systems that define the piecewise one have a center and two saddles. That is, the linear differential system in the region between the two parallel lines (i.e. the central subsystem) has a center and the others subsystems have saddles. We prove that if the central subsystem has a real or a boundary center, then we have at least six limit …
In this paper, we perturb the global center of the planar polynomial vector fields $\mathcal{X}(x,y)=(-y(x^2+a^2),x(x^2+a^2))$ ($a\neq0$) inside cubic piecewise smooth polynomials with switching line $y=0$. By using average function of first order, we prove that the sharper bound of the number of limit cycles bifurcating from the period annulus is 6.
In this paper a generalized Rayleigh-Liénard oscillator is consider and lower bounds for the number of limit cycles bifurcating from weak focus equilibria and saddle connections are provided. By assuming some open conditions on the parameters of the considered system the existence of up to twelve limit cycles is provided. More precisely, the approach consists in perform suitable changes in the sign of some specific parameters and apply Poincaré-Bendixson Theorem for assure the existence of limit cycles. In particular, the method for obtaining the limit cycles through the referred approach is e…
In this paper, we study retrievability of admissible cycles and the dynamics of the networks constructed from admissible cycles with the pseudoinverse learning rule. Retrievability of admissible cycles in networks with $C_0>0$ and $λ$ sufficiently large are discussed. Based on the linear stability analysis we derive a complete description of all possible local bifurcations of the trivial solution for the networks constructed from admissible cycles. We illustrate numerically that, depending on the structural features, the admissible cycles are respectively stored and retrieved as attracting lim…
This paper deals with the problem of limit cycle bifurcations for a piecewise near-Hamilton system with four regions separated by algebraic curves $y=\pm x^2$. By analyzing the obtained first order Melnikov function, we give an upper bound of the number of limit cycles which bifurcate from the period annulus around the origin under $n$-th degree polynomial perturbations. In the case $n=1$, we obtain that at least 4 (resp. 3) limit cycles can bifurcate from the period annulus if the switching curves are $y=\pm x^2$ (resp. $y=x^2$ or $y=-x^2$). The results also show that the number of switching …
The paper provides full algorithmic details on switching to the continuation of all possible codim 1 cycle bifurcations from generic codim 2 equilibrium bifurcation points in n-dimensional ODEs. We discuss the implementation and the performance of the algorithm in several examples, including an extended Lorenz-84 model and a laser system.
In this paper, we study the bifurcate of limit cycles for Bogdanov-Takens system($\dot{x}=y$, $\dot{y}=-x+x^{2}$) under perturbations of piecewise smooth polynomials of degree $2$ and $n$ respectively. We bound the number of zeros of first order Melnikov function which controls the number of limit cycles bifurcating from the center. It is proved that the upper bounds of the number of limit cycles with switching curve $x=y^{2m}$($m$ is a positive integral) are $(39m+36)n+77m+21(m\geq 2)$ and $50n+52(m=1)$ (taking into account the multiplicity). The upper bounds number of limit cycles with switc…
In this paper we provide a method to generate a continuum of limit cycles using a single precomputed exponentially stable limit cycle designed within the Hybrid Zero Dynamics framework. Guarantees for existence and stability of these limit cycles are provided. We derive analytical constraints that ensure boundedness of the state under arbitrary switching among a finite set of limit cycles extracted from the continuum. These limit cycles are used for changing the speeds of an underactuated planar bipedal model while satisfying all modeling constraints such as saturation torque and coefficient o…
In this paper, we consider the bifurcation of limit cycles for generic L-V system ($\dot{x}=y+x^2-y^2\pm\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}xy,~\dot{y}=-x+2xy$) and B-T system ($\dot{x}=y,~\dot{y}=-x+x^2$) under perturbations of piecewise smooth polynomials with degree $n$. Here the switching line is $y=0$. By using Picard-Fuchs equations, we bound the number of zeros of first order Melnikov function which controls the number of limit cycles bifurcating from the center. It is proved that the upper bounds of the number of limit cycles for generic L-V system and B-T system are respectively $36n-65~(n\geq4),~37,57…
This paper contains two parts. In the first part, we shall study the Abelian integrals for Zoladek's example [13], in which it is claimed the existence integrals of 11 small-amplitude limit cycles around a singular point in a particular cubic vector filed. We will show that the basis chosen in the proof of [13] are not independent, which leads to failure in drawing the conclusion of the existence of 11 limit cycles in this example. In the second part, we present a good combination of Melnikov function method and focus value (or normal form) computation method to study bifurcation of limit cycl…
In this paper, by using Picard-Fuchs equations and Chebyshev criterion, we study the bifurcate of limit cycles for quadratic Hamilton system $S^{(2)}$ and $S^{(3)}$: $\dot{x}= y+2axy+by^2$, $\dot{y}=-x+x^2-ay^2$ with $a\in(-\frac{1}{2},1)$, $b=(1-a)(1+2a)^{1/2}$ and $a=1$, $b=0$ respectively, under perturbations of piecewise smooth polynomials with degree $n$. The discontinuity is the line $y=0$. We bound the number of zeros of first order Melnikov function which controls the number of limit cycles bifurcating from the center. It is proved that the upper bounds of the number of limit cycles fo…
Classical conditions for asymptotic stability of periodic solutions bifurcating from a limit cycle rely on the derivative of the corresponding bifurcation function F at the bifurcation point t. We show that for analytic systems this result is the one of topological nature, namely the topological index ind(t,F) is conclusive versus the sign of the derivative (d/dt)F(t). This allows to detect asymptotic stability also in the case when (d/dt)F(t)=0.
We focus on a chaotic differential system in 3-dimension, including an absolute term and a line of equilibrium points. Which describes in the following This system has an implementation in electronic components. The first purpose of this paper is to provide sufficient conditions for the existence of a limit cycle bifurcating from the zeroHopf equilibrium point located at the origin of the coordinates. The second aim is to study the integrability of each differential system, one defined in half-space y and the other in half-space y. We prove that these two systems have no polynomial, rational, …
Planar piecewise linear systems with two linearity zones separated by a straight line and with a periodic orbit at infinity are considered. By using some changes of variables and parameters, a reduced canonical form with five parameters is obtained. Instead of the usual Bendixson transformation to work near infinity, a more direct approach is introduced by taking suitable coordinates for the crossing points of the possible periodic orbits with the separation straight line. The required computations to characterize the stability and bifurcations of the periodic orbit at infinity are much easier…
The objective of this paper is to investigate the stability of limit cycles of a mathematical model with a distributed delay which describes the interaction between p53 and mdm2. Choosing the delay as a bifurcation parameter we study the direction and stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions using the normal form and the center manifold theorem. Some numerical examples are finally made in order to confirm the theoretical results.
In this paper we perform the parameter-dependent center manifold reduction near the generalized Hopf (Bautin), fold-Hopf, Hopf-Hopf and transcritical-Hopf bifurcations in delay differential equations (DDEs). This allows us to initialize the continuation of codimension one equilibria and cycle bifurcations emanating from these codimension two bifurcation points. The normal form coefficients are derived in the functional analytic perturbation framework for dual semigroups (sun-star calculus) using a normalization technique based on the Fredholm alternative. The obtained expressions give explicit…
Detect the birth of limit cycles in non-smooth vector fields is a very important matter into the recent theory of dynamical systems and applied sciences. The goal of this paper is to study the bifurcation of limit cycles from a continuum of periodic orbits filling up a two-dimensional isochronous cylinder of a vector field in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$. The approach involves the regularization process of non-smooth vector fields and a method based in the Malkin's bifurcation function for $C^{0}$ perturbations. The results provide sufficient conditions in order to obtain limit cycles emerging from the cy…
We study the dynamics near heteroclinic networks for which all eigenvalues of the linearization at the equilibria are real. A common connection and an assumption on the geometry of its incoming and outgoing directions exclude even the weakest forms of switching (i.e. along this connection). The form of the global transition maps, and thus the type of the heteroclinic cycle, plays a crucial role in this. We look at two examples in $\mathbb{R}^5$, the House and Bowtie networks, to illustrate complex dynamics that may occur when either of these conditions is broken. For the House network, there i…
The averaging theory has been extensively employed for studying periodic solutions of smooth and nonsmooth differential systems. Here, we extend the averaging theory for studying periodic solutions a class of regularly perturbed non-autonomous $n$-dimensional discontinuous piecewise smooth differential system. As a fundamental hypothesis, it is assumed that the unperturbed system has a manifold $\mathcal{Z}\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ of periodic solutions satisfying $\dim(\mathcal{Z})<n.$ Then, we apply this result to study limit cycles bifurcating from periodic solutions of linear differential syste…
Bifurcations of grazing loops of arbitrary tangent multiplicity in piecewise-smooth systems
School of Mathematics, Sichuan University（四川大学数学学院）；School of Mathematics, China University of Mining and Technology（中国矿业大学数学学院）；School of Mathematics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics（西南财经大学数学学院）
This work is devoted to examining qualitative properties of dynamic systems, in particular, limit cycles of stochastic differential equations with both rapid switching and small diffusion. The systems are featured by multi-scale formulation, highlighted by the presence of two small parameters $ε$ and $δ$. Associated with the underlying systems, there are averaged or limit systems. Suppose that for each pair of the parameters, the solution of the corresponding equation has an invariant probability measure $μ^{ε,δ}$, and that the averaged equation has a limit cycle in which there is an averaged …
An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is the primary motivation for this research. The ABS controller switches the actions of charging and discharging valves in the hydraulic actuator of the brake cylinder based on the wheels' angular speed and acceleration. The controller is, therefore, modeled by discontinuous differential equations where two smooth vector fields are separated by a switching manifold S. The goal of the controller is to maximize the tire-road friction force during braking (and, in particular, to prevent the wheel lock-up). Since the optimal slip L of the wheel is known rather app…
In this paper, we study the integrability and linearization of a class of quadratic quasi-analytic switching systems. We improve an existing method to compute the focus values and periodic constants of quasi-analytic switching systems. In particular, with our method, we demonstrate that the dynamical behaviors of quasi-analytic switching systems are more complex than that of continuous quasi-analytic systems, by showing the existence of six and seven limit cycles in the neighborhood of the origin and infinity, respectively, in a quadratic quasi-analytic switching system. Moreover, explicit con…
This paper concerns two-dimensional Filippov systems --- ordinary differential equations that are discontinuous on one-dimensional switching manifolds. In the situation that a stable focus transitions to an unstable focus by colliding with a switching manifold as parameters are varied, a simple sufficient condition for a unique local limit cycle to be created is established. If this condition is violated, three nested limit cycles may be created simultaneously. The result is achieved by constructing a Poincaré map and generalising analytical arguments that have been employed for continuous sys…
An Efficient Symbolic Algorithm for Computing Lyapunov Constants in Planar Switching Systems
School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学数学科学学院）；College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology（北京化工大学理学院）
We find an upper bound for the number of limit cycles, bifurcating from the 8-loop of the Duffing oscillator $x"= x-x^{3}$ under the special cubic perturbation $$ x"= x-x^{3}+λ_{1}y+λ_{2}x^{2}+λ_{3}xy+λ_{4}x^{2}y . $$
Many real-world systems can be modeled as networks of interacting oscillatory units. Collective dynamics that are of functional relevance for the oscillator network, such as switching between metastable states, arise through the interplay of network structure and interaction. Here, we give results for small networks on the existence of heteroclinic cycles between dynamically invariant sets on which the oscillators show localized frequency synchrony. Trajectories near these heteroclinic cycles will exhibit sequential switching of localized frequency synchrony: a population oscillators in the ne…
Understanding how tangential singularities evolve under smoothing processes was one of the first problem concerning regularization of Filippov systems. In this paper, we are interested in $C^n$-regularizations of Filippov systems around visible regular-tangential singularities of even multiplicity. More specifically, using Fenichel Theory and Blow-up Methods, we aim to understand how the trajectories of the regularized system transits through the region of regularization. We apply our results to investigate $C^n$-regularizations of boundary limit cycles with even multiplicity contact with the …
To better understand the orbital dynamics of exoplanets around close binary stars, i.e., circumbinary planets (CBPs), we applied techniques from dynamical systems theory to a physically motivated set of solutions in the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP). We applied Floquet theory to characterize the linear dynamical behavior -- static, oscillatory, or exponential -- surrounding planar circumbinary periodic trajectories (limit cycles). We computed prograde and retrograde limit cycles and analyzed their geometries, stability bifurcations, and dynamical structures. Orbit and stabilit…
For many physical systems the transition from a stationary solution to sustained small amplitude oscillations corresponds to a Hopf bifurcation. For systems involving impacts, thresholds, switches, or other abrupt events, however, this transition can be achieved in fundamentally different ways. This paper reviews 20 such `Hopf-like' bifurcations for two-dimensional ODE systems with state-dependent switching rules. The bifurcations include boundary equilibrium bifurcations, the collision or change of stability of equilibria or folds on switching manifolds, and limit cycle creation via hysteresi…
