Software design patterns are standard solutions to common problems in software design and architecture. Knowing that a particular module implements a design pattern is a shortcut to design comprehension. Manually detecting design patterns is a time consuming and challenging task, therefore, researchers have proposed automatic design pattern detection techniques. However, these techniques show low performance for certain design patterns. In this work, we introduce a design pattern detection approach, DPD_F that improves the performance over the state-of-the-art by using code features with machine learning classifiers to automatically train a design pattern detector. DPD_F creates a semantic representation of Java source code using the code features and the call graph, and applies the \textit{Word2Vec} algorithm on the semantic representation to construct the word-space geometric model of the Java source code. DPD$_F$ then builds a Machine Learning classifier trained on a labelled dataset and identifies software design patterns with over 80% Precision and over 79\% Recall. Additionally, we have compared DPD_F with two existing design pattern detection techniques namely FeatureMaps & MARPLE-DPD. Empirical results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches by approximately 35% and 15% respectively in terms of Precision. The run-time performance also supports the practical applicability of our classifier.
A software pattern is a reusable solution to address a commonly occurring problem within a given context when designing software. Using patterns is a common practice for software architects to ensure software quality. Many pattern collections have been proposed for a large number of application domains. However, because of the technology's recentness, there are only a few available collections with a lack of extensive testing in industrial blockchain applications. It is also difficult for software architects to adequately apply blockchain patterns in their applications, as it requires deep kno…
Software analytics is a data-driven approach to decision making, which allows software practitioners to leverage valuable insights from data about software to achieve higher development process productivity and improve different aspects of software quality. In previous work, a set of patterns for adopting a lean software analytics process was identified through a literature review. This paper presents two patterns to add to the original set, forming a pattern language for adopting software analytics practices that aims to inform decision-making activities of software practitioners. The writing…
Context: Software architecture is a knowledge-intensive field. One mechanism for storing architecture knowledge is the recognition and description of architectural patterns. Selecting architectural patterns is a challenging task for software architects, as knowledge about these patterns is scattered among a wide range of literature. Method: We report on a systematic literature review, with the aim of building a decision model for the architectural pattern selection problem. Moreover, twelve experienced practitioners at software-producing organizations evaluated the usability and usefulness of …
During software evolution, inexperienced developers may introduce design anti-patterns when they modify their software systems to fix bugs or to add new functionalities based on changes in requirements. Developers may also use design patterns to promote software quality or as a possible cure for some design anti-patterns. Thus, design patterns and design anti-patterns are introduced, removed, and mutated from one another by developers. Many studies investigated the evolution of design patterns and design anti-patterns and their impact on software development. However, they investigated design …
The validation of design pattern implementations to identify pattern violations has gained more relevance as part of re-engineering processes in order to preserve, extend, reuse software projects in rapid development environments. If design pattern implementations do not conform to their definitions, they are considered a violation. Software aging and the lack of experience of developers are the origins of design pattern violations. It is important to check the correctness of the design pattern implementations against some predefined characteristics to detect and to correct violations, thus, t…
Process patterns represent well-structured and successful recurring activities of Software Development Methodologies. They are able to form a library of reusable building blocks that can be utilized in Situational Method Engineering for constructing a custom SDM or enhancing an existing one to fit specific project situation. Recently, some researchers have subjectively extracted process patterns from existing SDMs based on cumulative experience in various domains; however, how to objectively extract process patterns from SDMs by adopting a systematic procedure has remained as question. In this…
Architectural reconstruction is a reverse engineering activity aiming at recovering the missing decisions on a system. It can help identify the components, within a legacy software application, according to the application's architectural pattern. It is useful to identify architectural technical debt. We are interested in identifying layers within a layered application since the layered pattern is one of the most used patterns to structure large systems. Earlier component reconstruction work focusing on that pattern relied on generic component identification criteria, such as cohesion and coup…
Design patterns are elegant and well-tested solutions to recurrent software development problems. They are the result of software developers dealing with problems that frequently occur, solving them in the same or a slightly adapted way. A pattern's semantics provide the intent, motivation, and applicability, describing what it does, why it is needed, and where it is useful. Consequently, design patterns encode a well of information. Developers weave this information into their systems whenever they use design patterns to solve problems. This work presents Feature Maps, a flexible human- and m…
Software developers usually start coding an application with no formal architecture in mind and relying on intuition and experience instead of on well-known design patters. A different approach is recommended for the development of IoT smart applications due to its high complexity that combines sensors, actuators, communication technologies, and big data analytics, as well as its distributed nature that spans for different layers of field, fog, and cloud infrastructure. Literature reports many experiences of software development for IoT smart applications. However, architectural solutions are …
Automated Inference of Software Library Usage Patterns
现代软件系统越来越依赖于第三方库。人们普遍认为，使用成熟且经过良好测试的第三方库可以提高开发人员的生产力，缩短上市时间，并生产出更可靠的软件。今天的开放源代码库提供了广泛的库，可以免费下载和使用。然而，由于软件库是单独记录的，但打算一起使用，开发人员不太可能充分利用这些重用机会。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的方法来自动识别第三方库的使用模式，即，开发人员通常一起使用的库集合。我们的方法采用层次聚类技术组在一起的软件库外部客户端使用的基础上。为了评估我们的方法，我们从Maven Central Repository中挖掘了超过6,000个流行库，并调查了Github存储库中超过38,000个客户端系统的使用情况。我们的实验表明，我们的技术是能够检测到大多数（77%）的高度一致和凝聚力的图书馆使用模式在相当数量的客户端系统。
Decision Models for Selecting Architecture Patterns and Strategies in Quantum Software Systems
School of Computer Science, Wuhan University（武汉大学计算机学院）；Tampere University（坦佩雷大学）；Massey University（梅西大学）；RMIT University（皇家墨尔本理工大学）；LUT University（拉彭兰塔-拉赫蒂理工大学）；University of Oulu（奥卢大学）；University of Derby（德比大学）
Software vulnerabilities can have serious consequences, which is why many techniques have been proposed to defend against them. Among these, vulnerability detection techniques are a major area of focus. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive approach for benchmarking these proposed techniques. In this paper, we present the first survey that comprehensively investigates and summarizes the current state of software vulnerability detection benchmarking. We review the current literature on benchmarking vulnerability detection, including benchmarking approaches in technique-proposing papers an…
Software systems development nowadays has moved towards dynamic composition of services that run on distributed infrastructures aligned with continuous changes in the system requirements. Consequently, software developers need to tailor project specific methodologies to fit their methodology requirements. Process patterns present a suitable solution by providing reusable method chunks of software development methodologies for constructing methodologies to fit specific requirements. In this paper, we propose a set of high-level service-oriented process patterns that can be used for constructing…
The software patterns provide building blocks to the design and implementation of a software system, and try to make the software engineering to progress from experience to science. The software patterns were made famous because of the introduction as the design patterns. After that, patterns have been researched and developed widely and rapidly. The series of books of pattern-oriented software architecture should be marked in the development of software patterns. As mentioned in these books, formalization of patterns and an intermediate pattern language are needed and should be developed in t…
Project Management anti-patterns are well-documented in the software-engineering literature, and studying them allows understanding their impacts on teams and projects. The video game development industry is known for its mismanagement practices, and therefore applying this knowledge would help improving game developers' productivity and well-being. In this paper, we map project management anti-patterns to anti-patterns reported by game developers in the gray literature. We read 440 postmortems problems, identified anti-pattern candidates, and related them with definitions from the software-en…
Software engineering is not an empirically based discipline. Consequently, many of its practices are based on little more than a generally agreed feeling that something may be true. Part of the problem is that it is both relatively young and unusually rich in new and often competing methodologies. As a result, there is little time to infer important empirical patterns of behaviour before the technology moves on. Very occasionally an opportunity arises to study the defect growth and patterns in a well-specified software system which is also well-documented and heavily-used over a very long peri…
This paper presents prompt design techniques for software engineering, in the form of patterns, to solve common problems when using large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT to automate common software engineering activities, such as ensuring code is decoupled from third-party libraries and simulating a web application API before it is implemented. This paper provides two contributions to research on using LLMs for software engineering. First, it provides a catalog of patterns for software engineering that classifies patterns according to the types of problems they solve. Second, it explor…
Machine-learning (ML) techniques have become popular in the recent years. ML techniques rely on mathematics and on software engineering. Researchers and practitioners studying best practices for designing ML application systems and software to address the software complexity and quality of ML techniques. Such design practices are often formalized as architecture patterns and design patterns by encapsulating reusable solutions to commonly occurring problems within given contexts. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no work collecting, classifying, and discussing these software…
Code clone is a serious problem in software and has the potential to software defects, maintenance overhead, and licensing violations. Therefore, clone detection is important for reducing maintenance effort and improving code quality during software evolution. A variety of clone detection techniques have been proposed to identify similar code in software. However, few of them can efficiently detect semantic clones (functionally similar code without any syntactic resemblance). Recently, several deep learning based clone detectors are proposed to detect semantic clones. However, these approaches…
Although testing is critical in GSD, its application in this context has not been deeply investigated so far. This work investigates testing in GSD. It provides support for test managers acting in a globally distributed environment. With this it closes a gap. The leading question is "What problems exist in testing in GSD and how can they be addressed in projects?" Decomposing this question we a) identify problems of testing in GSD projects and b) provide good practices to support practitioners in testing in GSD projects. The research is realized in the context of Capgemini Germany. Our contrib…
A Collaborative and Pattern-Based Training Approach to Knowledge Acquisition and Decision-Making During the Design of Software Architectures Courses: A Case Study
Universidad del Cauca（考卡大学）；Universidad Nacional de la Plata（拉普拉塔国立大学）
Crowdsourcing is becoming an accepted method of software development for different phases in the production lifecycle. Ideally, mass parallel production through Crowdsourcing could be an option for rapid acquisition in software engineering by leveraging infinite worker resource on the internet. It is important to understand the patterns and strategies of decomposing and uploading parallel tasks to maintain a stable worker supply as well as a satisfactory task completion rate. This research report is an empirical analysis of the available tasks' lifecycle patterns in crowdsourcing. Following th…
A software architect uses quality requirements to design the architecture of a system. However, it is essential to ensure that the system's final architectural design achieves the standard quality requirements. The existing architectural evaluation frameworks require basic skills and experience for practical usage, which novice software architects lack. We propose a framework that enables novice software architects to infer the system's quality requirements and tactics using the software architectural block-line diagram. The framework takes an image as input, extracts various components and co…
As the complexity and size of software projects increases in real-world environments, maintaining and creating maintainable and dependable code becomes harder and more costly. Refactoring is considered as a method for enhancing the internal structure of code for improving many software properties such as maintainability. In this thesis, the subject of refactoring software packages using community detection algorithms is discussed, with a focus on the notion of package stability. The proposed algorithm starts by extracting a package dependency network from Java byte code and a community detecti…
Context: Dependency Injection (DI) is a commonly applied mechanism to decouple classes from their dependencies in order to provide higher modularization. However, bad DI practices often lead to negative consequences, such as increasing coupling. Although white literature conjectures about the existence of DI anti-patterns, there is no evidence on their practical relevance, usefulness, and generality. Objective: The objective of this study is to propose and evaluate a catalog of Java DI anti-patterns and associated refactorings. Methodology: We reviewed existing reported DI anti-patterns in ord…
