Chowla~(1962), McEliece~(1974), Evans~(1977, 1981) and Aoki~(1997, 2004, 2012) studied Gauss sums, some integral powers of which are in the field of rational numbers. Such Gauss sums are called {\it pure}. In particular, Aoki (2004) gave a necessary and sufficient condition for a Gauss sum to be pure in terms of Dirichlet characters modulo the order of the multiplicative character involved. In this paper, we study pure Gauss sums with odd extension degree $f$ and classify them for $f=5,7,9,11,13,17,19,23$ based on Aoki's theorem. Furthermore, we characterize a special subclass of pure Gauss sums in view of an application for skew Hadamard difference sets. Based on the characterization, we give a new construction of skew Hadamard difference sets from cyclotomic classes of finite fields.
In this paper, we generalize classical constructions of skew Hadamard difference families with two or four blocks in the additive groups of finite fields given by Szekeres (1969, 1971), Whiteman (1971) and Wallis-Whiteman (1972). In particular, we show that there exists a skew Hadamard difference family with $2^{u-1}$ blocks in the additive group of the finite field of order $q^e$ for any prime power $q\equiv 2^u+1\,({\mathrm{mod\, \, }2^{u+1}})$ with $u\ge 2$ and any positive integer $e$. In the aforementioned work of Szekeres, Whiteman, and Wallis-Whiteman, the constructions of skew Hadamard…
Recently, Feng and Xiang \cite{FX113} found a new construction of skew Hadamard difference sets in elementary abelian groups. In this paper, we introduce a new invariant for equivalence of skew Hadamard difference sets, namely triple intersection numbers modulo a prime, and discuss inequivalence between Feng-Xiang skew Hadamard difference sets and the Paley difference sets. As a consequence, we show that their construction produces infinitely many skew Hadamard difference sets inequivalent to the Paley difference sets.
A skew Hadamard difference set (SHDS) is a difference set that satisfies the skew condition. It is known that if a group G admits a skew hadamard difference set, then G is a p-group with order congruent to 3 modulo 4. We will generalize skew Hadamard difference sets to Generalized Skew Hadamard Difference Sets (GSHDS) to cover the case when p is congruent to 1 module 4, and we will extend all known results that yield necessary existence conditions of skew Hadamard difference sets to our generalization, including the known exponent bounds. We will also show a set of necessary existence conditio…
We construct Hadamard matrices of orders 4x251 = 1004 and 4x631 = 2524, and skew-Hadamard matrices of orders 4x213 = 852 and 4x631 = 2524. As far as we know, such matrices have not been constructed previously. The constructions use the Goethals-Seidel array, suitable supplementary difference sets on a cyclic group and a new efficient matching algorithm based on hashing techniques.
We can obtain a non-symmetric class $2$ association scheme by a skew-Hadamard matrix. We begin with a skew-Hadamard matrix of order $n$, construct a skew-Hadamard matrix of order $2n$ by doubling construction, and a non-symmetric class $2$ association scheme of order $2n-1$. We will show that the association scheme obtained in this way never be schurian if $n$ is greater than or equal to $8$.
We find new constructions of infinite families of skew Hadamard difference sets in elementary abelian groups under the assumption of the existence of cyclotomic strongly regular graphs. Our construction is based on choosing cyclotomic classes in finite fields.
Using a class of permutation polynomials of $F_{3^{2h+1}}$ obtained from the Ree-Tits symplectic spreads in $PG(3,3^{2h+1})$, we construct a family of skew Hadamard difference sets in the additive group of $F_{3^{2h+1}}$. With the help of a computer, we show that these skew Hadamard difference sets are new when $h=2$ and $h=3$. We conjecture that they are always new when $h>3$. Furthermore, we present a variation of the classical construction of the twin prime power difference sets, and show that inequivalent skew Hadamard difference sets lead to inequivalent difference sets with twin prime po…
We construct two difference families on each of the cyclic groups of order 109, 145 and 247, and use them to construct skew-Hadamard matrices of orders 436, 580 and 988. Such difference families and matrices are constructed here for the first time. The matrices are constructed by using the Goethals-Seidel array.
Quaternary unit Hadamard (QUH) matrices were introduced by Fender, Kharagani and Suda along with a method to construct them at prime power orders. We present a novel construction of real Hadamard matrices from QUH matrices. Our construction recovers the result by Mukhopadhyay on the existence of real Hadamard matrices of order $q^n+q^{n-1}$ for each prime power $q\equiv 3\mod 4$. Furthermore we provide nonexistence conditions for QUH matrices.
We revisit the old idea of constructing difference sets from cyclotomic classes. Two constructions of skew Hadamard difference sets are given in the additive groups of finite fields using unions of cyclotomic classes of order $N=2p_1^m$, where $p_1$ is a prime and $m$ a positive integer. Our main tools are index 2 Gauss sums, instead of cyclotomic numbers.
We construct several difference families on cyclic groups of orders 47 and 97, and use them to construct skew-Hadamard matrices of orders 188 and 388. Such difference families and matrices are constructed here for the first time. The matrices are constructed by using the Goethals-Seidel array.
In this paper, we give a construction of strongly regular Cayley graphs and a construction of skew Hadamard difference sets. Both constructions are based on choosing cyclotomic classes in finite fields, and they generalize the constructions given by Feng and Xiang \cite{FX111,FX113}. Three infinite families of strongly regular graphs with new parameters are obtained. The main tools that we employed are index 2 Gauss sums, instead of cyclotomic numbers.
Skew Hadamard difference sets are an interesting topic of study for over seventy years. For a long time, it had been conjectured the classical Paley difference sets (the set of nonzero quadratic residues in $\mathbb{F}_q$ where $q \equiv 3 \bmod{4}$) were the only example in abelian groups. In 2006, the first author and Yuan disproved this conjecture by showing that the image set of $\mathcal{D}_5(x^2,u)$ is a new skew Hadamard difference set in $(\mathbb{F}_{3^m},+)$ with $m$ odd, where $\mathcal{D}_n(x,u)$ denotes the first kind of Dickson polynomials of order $n$ and $u \in \mathbb{F}_q^*$.…
In this article, a series of Hadamard matrix has been developed using some block matrices with the help of skew Hadamard matrix. Basically an internal structure of skew Hadamard matrix has been changed with some block matrices using kronecker product. For some parameter, Hadamard matrices of order 4t where t is an integer, has been found.
In this paper we investigate the structure of the critical groups of doubly regular tournaments (DRTs) associated with skew Hadamard difference families (SDFs) with one, two, or four blocks. Brown and Reid found the existence of a skew Hadamard matrix of order $n+1$ to be equivalent to the existence of a DRT on $n$ vertices. A well known construction of a skew Hadamard matrix order $n$ is by constructing skew Hadamard difference sets in abelian groups of order $n-1$. The Paley skew Hadamard matrix is an example of one such construction. Szekeres and Whiteman constructed skew Hadamard matrices …
In this paper, we give constructions of strongly regular Cayley graphs and skew Hadamard difference sets. Both constructions are based on choosing cyclotomic classes in finite fields, and our results generalize ten of the eleven sporadic examples of cyclotomic strongly regular graphs given by Schmidt and White [24] and several of subfield examples into infinite families. These infinite families of strongly regular graphs have new parameters. The main tools that we employed are relative Gauss sums instead of explicit evaluations of Gauss sums.
First we give an overview of the known supplementary difference sets (SDS) (A_i), i=1..4, with parameters (n;k_i;d), where k_i=|A_i| and each A_i is either symmetric or skew and k_1 + ... + k_4 = n + d. Five new Williamson matrices over the elementary abelian groups of order 25, 27 and 49 are constructed. New examples of skew Hadamard matrices of order 4n for n=47,61,127 are presented. The last of these is obtained from a (127,57,76)-difference family that we have constructed. An old non-published example of G-matrices of order 37 is also included.
We construct several cyclic $(v;k_1,k_2,k_3;λ)$ difference families with $v\equiv3 \pmod{4}$ a prime and $λ=k_1+k_2+k_3-(3v-1)/4$. Such families can be used in conjunction with the well-known Paley-Todd difference sets to construct skew-Hadamard matrices of order $4v$. Our main result is that we have constructed for the first time the example of skew-Hadamard matrices of orders $4\cdot239=956$ and $4\cdot331=1324$.
In this note, we give a new construction of divisible difference sets in ${\Bbb Z}_{9}^n$ using Galois ring $GR(3^2,n)$ under the assumption of the existence of skew Hadamard difference sets in ${\Bbb F}_{3^n}$.
