We discuss AdS$_2\times S^3\times{\text{CY}}_2\times I_ρ$ solutions to massive Type IIA supergravity with 4 Poincaré supersymmetries. We propose explicit dual quiver quantum mechanics built out of D0 and D4 colour branes coupled to D4' and D8 flavour branes. We propose that these quivers describe the interactions of instantons and Wilson lines in 5d gauge theories with 8 Poincaré supersymmetries. Using the RR Maxwell fluxes of the solutions, conveniently put off-shell, we construct a functional from which the holographic central charge can be derived through a geometrical extremisation principle
We review the problem of BPS state counting described by the generalized quiver matrix model of ADHM type. In four dimensions the generating function of the counting gives the Nekrasov partition function and we obtain generalization in higher dimensions. By the localization theorem, the partition function is given by the sum of contributions from the fixed points of the torus action, which are labeled by partitions, plane partitions and solid partitions. The measure or the Boltzmann weight of the path integral can take the form of the plethystic exponential. Remarkably after integration the pa…
We study the hemisphere partition function of a three-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric $U(N)$ gauge theory with one adjoint and one fundamental hypermultiplet -- the ADHM quiver theory. In particular, we propose a distinguished set of UV boundary conditions which yield Verma modules of the quantised chiral rings of the Higgs and Coulomb branches. In line with a recent proposal by two of the authors in collaboration with M. Bullimore, we show explicitly that the hemisphere partition functions recover the characters of these modules in two limits, and realise blocks gluing exactly to t…
We revisit the well-studied D0-D4 system of D-branes and its relationship to the ADHM construction. It is well known that the D0-branes appear as instantons in the D4-brane worldvolume. We add a Wilson line to the D4-brane in the guise of an extended fundamental string and determine how this affects the D0-brane dynamics. As the D0-brane moves in the presence of the Wilson line, it experiences a Lorentz force, proportional to its Yang-Mills gauge connection. From the perspective of the D0-brane quantum mechanics, this force emerges through the ADHM construction of the self-dual gauge connectio…
The Coulomb and Higgs indices of the 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ $U(N)$ ADHM theories can be decorated by line defect operators as the line defect correlators. We obtain exact closed-form expressions and various non-trivial algebraic relations for the correlators of the Wilson lines in the fundamental and (anti)symmetric representations by means of the Hall-Littlewood expansion, the Fermi-gas method and the residue calculation. From the large $N$ limit of the correlators we obtain the single particle gravity indices which are expected to encode the spectra of fluctuation modes on the gravity duals of l…
We study quantum geometry of Nakajima quiver varieties of two different types - framed A-type quivers and ADHM quivers. While these spaces look completely different we find a surprising connection between equivariant K-theories thereof with a nontrivial match between their equivariant parameters. In particular, we demonstrate that quantum equivariant K-theory of $A_n$ quiver varieties in a certain $n\to\infty$ limit reproduces equivariant K-theory of the Hilbert scheme of points on $\mathbb{C}^2$. We analyze the correspondence from the point of view of enumerative geometry, representation theo…
A supersymmetric quantum mechanical model is constructed for BPS states bound to surface operators in five dimensional SU(r) gauge theories using D-brane engineering. This model represents the effective action of a certain D2-brane configuration, and is naturally obtained by dimensional reduction of a quiver $(0,2)$ gauged linear sigma model. In a special stability chamber, the resulting moduli space of quiver representations is shown to be virtually smooth and isomorphic to a moduli space of framed quotients on the projective plane. A precise conjecture relating a K-theoretic partition functi…
We study the moduli spaces of self-dual instantons on CP^2 in a simple group G. When G is a classical group, these instanton solutions can be realised using ADHM-like constructions which can be naturally embedded into certain three dimensional quiver gauge theories with 4 supercharges. The topological data for such instanton bundles and their relations to the quiver gauge theories are described. Based on such gauge theory constructions, we compute the Hilbert series of the moduli spaces of instantons that correspond to various configurations. The results turn out to be equal to the Hilbert ser…
We study various conjectural dual descriptions of a stack of M2-branes in M-theory including ADHM, ABJ(M), BLG, discrete gauge theories and quiver Chern-Simons (CS) theories and propose several new dualities of the M2-brane SCFTs by analyzing flavored supersymmetric indices in detail. The mapping of local operators, Coulomb, Higgs and mixed branch operators as well as global symmetries under the dualities are obtained from the precise matching of the indices. Furthermore, we find closed form expressions for the Coulomb limit of the indices of the $U(N)$ ADHM theory and the dual quiver CS theor…
We study Wilson loops in the 4-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric quiver/M theory duality recently constructed by Gaiotto and Maldacena, that is conjectured to be dual to M2 branes on AdS_5\times S^4 fibered over Σ_2. We use the localization method raised by Pestun, in order to compute the Wilson loop in 4-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric linear quiver gauge theory. We obtained the consistent results in the quiver gauge theory and the 11-dimensional supergravity. This match supports the N=2 quiver SCFT / M theory supergravity duality.
Within the electrostatic formulation of holographic duals to (balanced) conformal quivers in five and three dimensions, we study Wilson loops in antisymmetric representations. We derive general expressions for various quantities participating in the formalism (VEV of Wilson loops, representation, gauge-node) and apply these to examples, connecting some results present in the bibliography. In the case of three dimensional quivers, we present a relation between Wilson loops in an 'electric' and in the 'magnetic/mirror' descriptions. In a very detailed appendix, we relate the electrostatic and ho…
We complete the program of 2012.15792 about perturbative approaches for $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal quiver theories in four dimensions. We consider several classes of observables in presence of Wilson loops, and we evaluate them with the help of supersymmetric localization. We compute Wilson loop vacuum expectation values, correlators of multiple coincident Wilson loops and one-point functions of chiral operators in presence of them acting as superconformal defects. We extend this analysis to the most general case considering chiral operators and multiple Wilson loops scattered in all the p…
We study circular BPS Wilson loops in the $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal $n$-node quiver theories at large $N$ and strong 't Hooft coupling by using localization. We compute the expectation values of Wilson loops in the limit when the 't Hooft couplings are hierarchically different and when they are nearly equal. Based on these results, we make a conjecture for arbitrary strong couplings.
We show that generic three-dimensional $\mathcal N=2$ quiver super Chern-Simons-matter theories admit Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) Drukker-Trancanelli (DT) type Wilson loops. We investigate both Wilson loops along timelike infinite straight lines in Minkowski spacetime and circular Wilson loops in Euclidean space. In Aharnoy-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena theory, we find that generic BPS DT type Wilson loops preserve the same number of supersymmetries as Gaiotto-Yin type Wilson loops. There are several free parameters for generic BPS DT type Wilson loops in the construction, and supersymme…
In this note we compute the expectation value of a circular BPS Wilson loop in the higher rank totally symmetric and antisymmetric representations of SU(N) in the $\hat{A}_1$ quiver $\mathcal{N} = 2$ SCFT, using a matrix model. We discuss the connection with a recent conjecture stating that expectation values of observables in this sector are obtained from $\mathcal{N = 4}$ SYM by a universal renormalization of the `t Hooft coupling.
Quiver gauge theories with a large number of nodes host a wealth of Wilson loop operators. Expectation values are obtained, using supersymmetric localization, for Wilson loops in the antisymmetric representations associated with each individual gauge node, for a sample of 5d long quiver gauge theories whose UV fixed points have holographic duals in Type IIB. The sample includes the $T_N$ theories and the results are uniformly given in terms of Bloch-Wigner functions. The holographic representation of the Wilson loops is identified. It comprises, for each supergravity solution, a two-parameter …
Three dimensional supersymmetric field theories have large moduli spaces of circular Wilson loops preserving a fixed set of supercharges. We simplify previous constructions of such Wilson loops and amend and clarify their classification. For a generic quiver gauge theory we identify the moduli space as a quotient of $C^m$ for some $m$ by an appropriate symmetry group. These spaces are quiver varieties associated to a cover of the original quiver or a subquiver thereof. This moduli space is generically singular and at the singularities there are large degeneracies of operators which seem differ…
In this paper we construct and classify novel Drukker-Trancanelli (DT) type BPS Wilson loops along infinite straight lines and circles in $\mathcal N=2,3$ quiver superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories, Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena (ABJM) theory, and $\mathcal N=4$ orbifold ABJM theory. Generally we have four classes of Wilson loops, and all of them preserve the same supersymmetries as the BPS Gaiotto-Yin (GY) type Wilson loops. There are several free complex parameters in the DT type BPS Wilson loops, and for two classes of Wilson loops in ABJM theory and $\mathcal N=4$ orbifold ABJ…
We construct new families of 1/4 BPS Wilson loops in circular quiver $\mathcal N=4$ superconformal Chern-Simons-matter (SCSM) theories in three dimensions. They are defined as the holonomy of superconnections that contain non-trivial couplings to scalar and fermions, and cannot be reduced to block-diagonal matrices. Consequently, the new operators cannot be written in terms of double-node Wilson loops, as the ones considered so far in the literature. For particular values of the couplings the superconnection becomes block-diagonal and we recover the known fermionic 1/4 and 1/2 BPS Wilson loops…
Localization approach to $\mathcal N=2$ superconformal $SU(N) \times SU(N)$ quiver theory leads to a non-Gaussian two-matrix model representation for the expectation value of BPS circular $SU(N)$ Wilson loop $\langle\mathcal W\rangle$. We study the subleading $1/N^2$ term in the large $N$ expansion of $\langle\mathcal W\rangle$ at weak and strong coupling. We concentrate on the case of the symmetric quiver with equal gauge couplings which is equivalent to the $\mathbb Z_{2}$ orbifold of the $SU(2N)$ $\mathcal N=4$ SYM theory. This orbifold gauge theory should be dual to type IIB superstring in…
Tokai University（东海大学）；Fudan University（复旦大学）；Shanghai Institute for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences（上海数学与交叉学科研究院）；Southeast University（东南大学）
本文提出三维超对称规范理论中线缺陷 Witten 指标的一般公式，并发现 M2-膜 SCFT 中 Wilson 线缺陷指标的递推关系，实现高秩指标由低秩数据递归确定。
We consider 1/2-BPS circular Wilson loops in a class of 5d superconformal field theories on S^5. The large N limit of the vacuum expectation values of Wilson loops are computed both by localization in the field theory and by evaluating the fundamental string and D4-brane actions in the dual massive IIA supergravity background. We find agreement in the leading large N limit for a rather general class of representations, including fundamental, anti-symmetric and symmetric representations. For single node theories the match is straightforward, while for quiver theories, the Wilson loop can be in …
Using localization, matrix model and saddle-point techniques, we determine exact behavior of circular Wilson loop in N=2 superconformal (quiver) gauge theories. Focusing at planar and large `t Hooft couling limits, we compare its asymptotic behavior with well-known exponential growth of Wilson loop in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. For theory with gauge group SU(N) coupled to 2N fundamental hypermultiplets, we find that Wilson loop exhibits non-exponential growth -- at most, it can grow a power of `t Hooft coupling. For theory with gauge group SU(N) x SU(N) and bifundamental hypermultiplets, the…
We consider certain line defect operators in five-dimensional SUSY gauge theories, whose interaction with the self-dual instantons is described by 1d ADHM-like gauged quantum mechanics constructed by Tong and Wong. The partition function in the presence of these operators is known to be a generating function of BPS Wilson loops in skew symmetric tensor representations of the gauge group. We calculate the partition function and explicitly prove that it is a finite polynomial of the defect mass parameter $x$, which is an essential property of the defect operator and the Wilson loop generating fu…
We study the relation between exactly marginal deformations in a large class of N=1 superconformal quiver gauge theories described by brane tilings and the degrees of freedom in the corresponding 5-brane systems. We show, with the help of NSVZ exact beta functions, that there are generically d-1 complex exactly marginal deformations of a gauge theory, where d is the perimeter of the corresponding n it, and the other two, the diagonal gauge coupling and a beta-like deformation, as background supergravity fields.toric diagram. We identify d-3 complex marginal deformations as deformations of the …
We establish a correspondence between a class of Wilson-'t Hooft lines in four-dimensional $\mathcal{N} = 2$ supersymmetric gauge theories described by circular quivers and transfer matrices constructed from dynamical L-operators for trigonometric quantum integrable systems. We compute the vacuum expectation values of the Wilson-'t Hooft lines in a twisted product space $S^1 \times_ε\mathbb{R}^2 \times \mathbb{R}$ by supersymmetric localization and show that they are equal to the Wigner transforms of the transfer matrices. A variant of the AGT correspondence implies an identification of the tr…
In this paper we discuss an infinite class of AdS$_6$ backgrounds in Type IIB supergravity dual to five dimensional SCFTs whose low energy description is in terms of linear quiver theories. The quantisation of the Page charges imposes that each solution is determined once a convex, piece-wise linear function is specified. In the dual field theory, we interpret this function as encoding the ranks of colour and flavour groups in the associated quiver. We check our proposal with several examples and provide general expressions for the holographic central charge and the Wilson loop VEV. Some solut…
We construct for the first time Drukker-Trancanelli (DT) type fermionic Bogomolnyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) Wilson loops in four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal $SU(N)\times SU(N)$ quiver theory and $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory. The connections of these fermionic BPS Wilson loops have a supermatrix structure. We construct timelike BPS Wilson lines in Minkowski spacetime and circular BPS Wilson loops in Euclidean space. These Wilson loops involve dimensionful parameters. For generic values of parameters, they preserve one real (complex) supercharge in Lorentzian (Euclidean…
Understanding the map of line defects in a Quantum Field Theory under a given duality is generically a difficult problem. This paper is the second in a series which aims to address this question in the context of 3d $\mathcal{N}=4$ mirror symmetry. A general prescription for constructing vortex defects and their mirror maps in quiver gauge theories beyond the $A$-type was presented by the author in an earlier paper [arxiv:2103.01243], where specific examples involving $D$-type and affine $D$-type quivers were discussed. In this paper, we apply the aforementioned prescription to construct a fam…
For three-dimensional ${\cal N}=4$ super Chern-Simons-matter theories associated to necklace quivers $U(N_0) \times U(N_1) \times \cdots U(N_{2r-1}) $, we study at quantum level the two kinds of 1/2 BPS Wilson loop operators recently introduced in arXiv:1506.07614. We perform a two-loop evaluation and find the same result for the two kinds of operators, so moving to higher loops a possible quantum uplift of the classical degeneracy. We also compute the 1/4 BPS bosonic Wilson loop and discuss the quantum version of the cohomological equivalence between fermionic and bosonic Wilson loops. We com…
We study the action of S-duality on half-BPS Wilson loop operators in 5d $\mathcal{N}=1$ theories. The duality is the statement that different massive deformations of a single 5d SCFT are described by different gauge theories, or equivalently that the SCFT points in parameter space of two gauge theories coincide. The pairs of dual theories that we study are realized by brane webs in type IIB string theory that are S-dual to each other. We focus on $SU(2)$ SQCD theories with $N_f \le 4$ flavors, which are self-dual, and on $SU(3)$ SQCD theories, which are dual to $SU(2)^2$ quiver theories. From…
We study Wilson loops in string theory realizations of AdS/BCFT and wedge holography. The field theories are based on 3d $\mathcal N=4$ long quiver gauge theories engineered by D3, D5 and NS5 branes, and on BCFTs involving 4d $\mathcal N=4$ SYM coupled to such 3d theories. The holographic duals have geometry $AdS_4\times S^2\times S^2$ warped over a strip. We identify the holographic representation of antisymmetric Wilson loops associated with individual 3d gauge nodes in terms of probe D5-branes. The expectation values obtained holographically are matched to supersymmetric localization comput…
For three-dimensional ABJ(M) theories and $\mathcal N=4$ Chern-Simons-matter quiver theories, we construct two sets of 1/2 BPS Wilson loop operators by applying the Higgsing procedure along independent directions of the moduli space, and choosing different massive modes. For theories whose dual M-theory description is known, we also determine the corresponding spectrum of 1/2 BPS M2-brane solutions. We identify the supercharges in M-theory and field theory, as well as the supercharges preserved by M2-/anti-M2-branes and 1/2 BPS Wilson loops. In particular, in $\mathcal N=4$ orbifold ABJM theor…
We consider a class of non-supersymmetric gauge theories obtained by orbifolding the N=4 super-Yang-Mills theories. We focus on the resulting quiver theories in their deconstructed phase, both at small and large coupling, where a fifth dimension opens up. In particular we investigate the rôle played by this extra dimension when evaluating the rectangular Wilson loops encoding the interaction potential between quarks located at different points in the orbifold. The large coupling potential of the deconstructed quiver theory is determined using the AdS/CFT correspondence and analysing the corres…
