We performed x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements on heterostructures comprising topological insulators (TIs) of the (Bi,Sb)$_2$(Se,Te)$_3$ family and the magnetic insulator EuS. XMCD measurements allow us to investigate element-selective magnetic proximity effects at the very TI/EuS interface. A systematic analysis reveals that there is neither significant induced magnetism within the TI nor an enhancement of the Eu magnetic moment at such interface. The induced magnetic moments in Bi, Sb, Te, and Se sites are lower than the estimated detection limit of the XMCD measurements of $\sim\!10^{-3}$ $μ_\mathrm{B}$/at.
Absence of Magnetic Fluctuations in the Ferromagnetic/Topological Heterostructure EuS/Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$
拓扑绝缘体和铁磁体的异质结构为自旋电子学提供了新的机会,并为新颖的反常霍尔态提供了途径。在一种这样的结构中,最近观察到EuS/Bi $_{2}$ Se $_{3}$居里温度的显著提高。我们对一组类似的薄膜进行拉曼光谱,以研究磁性和晶格激发。界面应变通过其对Bi $_{2}$ Se $_{3}$声子模式的影响进行监测,而磁性系统通过EuS拉曼模式进行探测。尽管它的外观在裸EuS,异质结构缺乏相应的EuS拉曼信号。通过数值计算,排除了法布里-珀罗干涉对模的抑制作用。我们将EuS中没有磁信号归因于与Bi $_{2}$ Se $_{3}$的大电荷转移。这可以提供一个额外的途径来操纵拓扑异质结构的磁,光或电子响应。
Magnetic proximity effect at Bi$_2$Se$_3$/EuS interface with broken inversion symmetry
利用密度泛函理论(DFT)和低能有效模型研究了Bi $_2$ Se $_3$ /EuS界面对拓扑绝缘体(TI)Dirac表面态的磁邻近效应.我们考虑一个薄的铁磁绝缘体EuS膜堆叠在Bi $_2$ Se $_3$(111)三层或五层五重层(QL)的板的顶部,EuS的磁化垂直于界面($z$轴),这打破了时间反转和反转对称性。结果表明,电荷转移和表面弛豫使狄拉克锥电子掺杂。对于3和5个量子点,顶面狄拉克锥的能隙为9 meV,而底面狄拉克锥保持无隙。这是由于EuS薄膜的短程感生磁矩引起的。对于5个量子阱,在底表面狄拉克点的正下方形成了一个能隙为2 meV的额外狄拉克锥,而对于3个量子阱,没有额外的狄拉克锥。我们还研究了自旋轨道纹理的狄拉克表面态与破坏反转对称性,使用DFT和有效的模型。我们发现,$p_z$轨道耦合到自旋矩的$z$分量,其符号与$p_x$和$p_y$轨道相反。$p_z$和径向$p$轨道以与切向$p$轨道相反的旋向性耦合到面内自旋织构。从有效模型得到的结果与我们的DFT计算一致。计算的自旋轨道织构可以从自旋极化角分辨光电子能谱测试。
Hybrid semiconducting nanowire devices combining epitaxial superconductor and ferromagnetic insulator layers have been recently explored experimentally as an alternative platform for topological superconductivity at zero applied magnetic field. In this proof-of-principle work we show that the topological regime can be reached in actual devices depending on some geometrical constraints. To this end, we perform numerical simulations of InAs wires in which we explicitly include the superconducting Al and magnetic EuS shells, as well as the interaction with the electrostatic environment at a self-…
Proximity Driven Enhanced Magnetic Order at Ferromagnetic Insulator / Magnetic Topological Insulator Interface
磁绝缘体/拓扑绝缘体(MI/TI)界面的磁交换驱动邻近效应为新现象提供了一个丰富的舞台,同时也为实现低能量耗散量子器件提供了一种途径。在这里,我们报告了一个戏剧性的增强邻近交换耦合的MI /磁TI EuS / Sb $_{2-x}$ V $_x$ Te $_3$混合异质结构,其中V掺杂是用来驱动TI(Sb $_{2}$ Te $_3$)磁性。我们观察到一个人工的反铁磁结构附近的MI/TI接口,这可能是增强的邻近耦合。邻近效应和掺杂之间的相互作用提供了深入了解可控工程的磁秩序使用混合异质结构。
Evidence of topological gap opening in the surface state of Bi$_2$Se$_3$ by proximity to a magnetic insulator
拓扑绝缘体是具有奇异表面态的大块绝缘体,在时间反演对称性的保护下,有望观察到许多令人兴奋的凝聚态现象。在这份报告中,我们表明,通过有一个拓扑绝缘体(Bi $_2$ Se $_3$)在接近的磁性绝缘体(EuS),金属到绝缘体的过渡,在表面状态,由于开放的交换间隙,可以观察到其属性是可调的使用底栅电压和外部磁场。我们的研究提供了当费米能级被调谐到交换能隙中时,具有半整数量子霍尔效应特征的栅控增强界面磁性的证据。这些结果为利用磁邻近效应研制拓扑电子器件奠定了基础。
Detection of the interfacial exchange field at a ferromagnetic insulator-nonmagnetic metal interface with pure spin currents
在铁磁金属(NM)和铁磁绝缘体(FI)之间的界面处,自旋电流可以与磁化相互作用,导致自旋电流的调制。在这些FI-NM界面的界面交换场可以通过将该界面放置成与横向自旋阀(LSV)器件的自旋输运通道接触并观察额外的自旋弛豫过程来探测。研究了铁磁绝缘体EuS(EuS-LSV)和钇铁石榴石YPDMATHABMM Fe $_5$ O $_{12}$(YIG-LSV)附近的Cu自旋输运通道的横向自旋阀器件中的界面交换场.将自旋信号与在具有MgO或AlO $_x$覆盖的单晶硅/SiO $_2$衬底上制造的参考横向自旋阀器件进行比较。EuS-LSV和YIG-LSV中的非局域自旋阀信号分别低约4倍和6倍。自旋信号的抑制归因于由于界面自旋轨道场而在Cu-EuS(或Cu-YIG)界面处增强的表面自旋翻转概率。除了自旋信号的抑制外,我们还发现在$T \sim$ 30 K处的自旋信号中广泛观察到的低温峰在与EuS或YIG接触的情况下向更高的温度移动。不同注入器-检测器距离的自旋信号的温度依赖性揭示了在这些界面处的波动交换场导致额外的自旋退相干,其除了常规的自旋弛豫源之外还限制了自旋弛豫时间。结果表明,纯自旋电流随温度变化的测量方法可以用来探测铁磁绝缘体-铁磁金属界面的界面交换场。
Direct measurement of proximity-induced magnetism at the interface between a topological insulator and a ferromagnet
当拓扑绝缘体(TI)与铁磁体接触时,时间反转和反转对称性在界面处都被破坏。在TI表面形成能隙,其电子通过短程交换相互作用获得净磁矩。磁TI可以承载各种奇异的量子现象,如大质量狄拉克费米子,马约拉纳费米子,量子反常霍尔效应和沿畴界的手征边缘电流。然而,在掩埋界面处的感生磁性的选择性测量仍然是一个挑战。使用磁二次谐波产生,我们直接探测在铁磁绝缘体(FMI)EuS和三维TI Bi 2Se 3之间的界面处诱导的面内和面外磁化。我们的研究结果不仅可以表征在TI-FMI接口的磁性,但也奠定了基础,成像磁畴和域边界的磁性TI表面。
Absence of magnetic proximity effects in magnetoresistive Pt/CoFe2O4 hybrid interfaces
在绝缘亚铁磁CoFe 2 O 4(111)外延膜上生长的超薄Pt膜在旋转磁性层的磁化时显示磁阻。我们在这里报告的X射线磁圆二色性(XMCD)记录在Pt-L2,3和Pt-M3边缘。结果表明,Pt磁矩(如果有的话)低于检测限(< 0.001 μ $_B$ /Pt),因此强烈支持CoFe 2 O 4的存在不会诱导Pt中形成磁矩的观点。因此,所观察到的磁阻不能归因于某种接近感生的磁矩在Pt离子和随后的磁场依赖的散射。因此,无论是体(自旋霍尔和逆自旋霍尔效应)或界面(Rashba)自旋轨道相关的影响占主导地位的观察到的磁阻。此外,在(Fe,Co)-L2,3边缘的体磁化强度和XMCD数据的比较表明,在CoFe 2 O 4层中存在一些自旋无序,这可能与所观察到的自旋霍尔磁阻的异常非饱和场依赖性有关。
We present a combined experimental and theoretical work that investigates the magnetic proximity effect at a ferromagnetic-insulator - superconductor (FI-S) interface. The simulation is based on the boundary condition for diffusive quasiclassical Greens functions, that accounts for arbitrarily strong spin-dependent effects and spin-mixing angles. The experimentally found differential conductance of an EuS-Al heterostructure is compared with a theoretical calculation. With the assumption of a uniform spin-mixing angle that depends on the externally applied field, we find good agreement between …
Proximity induced ferromagnetism, superconductivity, and finite-size effects on the surface and edge states of topological insulator nanostructures
Bi $_{2}$ Te $_{3}$和Bi $_{2}$ Se $_{3}$是公知的3D-拓扑绝缘体。由这些材料制成的膜表现出具有狄拉克色散的类金属表面态,并具有高迁移率。高迁移率类金属表面态可以用作基于TI的场效应晶体管的沟道材料。虽然这种晶体管提供了优越的终端特性,但它们存在固有的零带隙问题。表面态的带隙的缺乏阻止了容易的关断机制。在这项工作中,可以采用的技术,很容易打开的TI表面状态的带隙。描述了两种方法:1)用磁化轴可控的铁磁体覆盖表面态。铁磁体的磁化强度作为交换相互作用项纳入哈密顿量。2)一个\textit{s}波超导体,由于邻近效应,当耦合到3D-TI打开表面上的带隙。这种TI超导体异质结建模使用Bogoliubov-de Gennes哈密顿量。还提出了一个比较,证明有限尺寸效应的表面状态的3D-TI和边缘状态的碲化镉/碲化汞/碲化镉为基础的2D-TI。与需要至少100.0 $ \mathrm{nm} $的厚度的2D-TI结构相比,3D-TI纳米结构可以减小到低至10.0 $ \mathrm{nm} $的尺寸。所有的计算使用连续四带k.p哈密顿量。
We investigate collective spin excitations in graphene with proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of the Rashba and valley-Zeeman types, as it is the case, e.g., for graphene on transition- metal-dichalcogenide substrates. It is shown that, even in the absence of an external magnetic field, such a system supports collective modes, which correspond to coupled oscillations of the uniform and valley-staggered magnetizations. These modes can be detected via both zero-field electron spin resonance (ESR) and zero-field electric-dipole spin resonance (EDSR), with EDSR response coming solely fro…
We study the density of states (DoS) $ν(E)$ in a normal-metallic (N) film contacted by a bulk superconductor (S). We assume that the system is diffusive and the SN interface is transparent. In the limit of thin N layer (compared to the coherence length), we analytically find three different types of the DoS peculiarity at energy equal to the bulk superconducting order parameter $Δ_0$. (i) In the absence of the inverse proximity effect, the peculiarity has the check-mark form with $ν(Δ_0)=0$ as long as the thickness of the N layer is smaller than a critical value. (ii) When the inverse proximit…
Tuning correlated states of twisted mono-bilayer graphene with proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling
Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research(马克斯·普朗克固体研究所);Technische Universität München(慕尼黑工业大学);University of Geneva(日内瓦大学);Leiden University(莱顿大学);University of Stuttgart(斯图加特大学)
Due to the lack of a net magnetization both at the interface and in the bulk, antiferromagnets with compensated interfaces may appear incapable of influencing the phase transition in an adjacent superconductor via the spin degree of freedom. We here demonstrate that such an assertion is incorrect by showing that proximity-coupling a compensated antiferromagnetic layer to a superconductor-ferromagnet heterostructure introduces the possibility of controlling the superconducting phase transition. The superconducting critical temperature can in fact be modulated by rotating the magnetization of th…