In this paper we consider relations between distributional chaos in a sequence with distributional chaos, w-chaos, R-T chaos, DC 3, respectively). We give a sufficient condition and prove that the distributional chaos is equivalent to the distributional chaos in a sequence under this condition. Besides, we get that distributional chaos in a sequence and w-chaos(R-T chaos, DC 3, respectively)do not imply each other. Finally, we give a new definition of chaos, named DC 2', which is similar to DC 2, and show that for any integer N > 0, f is DC 2' if and only if f^N is also DC 2'.
In this paper, we discuss the relationship between Li-Yorke chaos and distributional chaos in a sequence. We point out the set of all distributional $δ$-scramble pairs in the sequence $Q$ is a $G_δ$ set, and prove that Li-Yorke $δ$-chaos is equivalent to distributional $δ$-chaos in a sequence, a uniformly chaotic set is a distributional scramble set in some sequence and a class of transitive system implies distributional chaos in a sequence.
For continuous self-maps of compact metric spaces, we consider the notions of generic and dense chaos introduced by Lasota and Snoha and their variations for the distributional chaos, under the assumption of shadowing. We give some equivalent properties to generic uniform (distributional) chaos in terms of chains and prove their equivalence to generic (distributional) chaos under the shadowing. Several examples illustrating the main results are also given.
We explore connections among the regional proximal relation, the asymptotic relation and the distal relation for a topological dynamical system with the shadowing property, and show that if a Devaney chaotic system has the shadowing property then it is distributionally chaotic.
This paper studies distributional chaos in non-autonomous discrete systems generated by given sequences of maps in metric spaces. In the case that the metric space is compact, it is shown that a system is Li-Yorkeδ-chaotic if and only if it is distributionallyδ'-chaotic in a sequence; and three criteria of distributional δ-chaos are established, which are caused by topologically weak mixing, asymptotic average shadowing property, and some expanding condition, respectively, where δ and δ' are positive constants. In a general case, a criterion of distributional chaos in a sequence induced by a X…
In this paper, we introduce the notion of distributional chaos and the measure of chaos for random dynamical systems generated by two interval maps. We give some sufficient conditions for a zero measure of chaos and examples of chaotic systems. We demonstrate that the chaoticity of the functions that generate a system does not, in general, affect the chaoticity of the system, i.e., a chaotic system can arise from two nonchaotic functions and vice versa. Finally, we show that distributional chaos for random dynamical system is, in some sense, unstable.
We prove that the set of maps which exhibit distributional chaos of type 1 (DC1) is $C^0$-dense in the space of continuous self-maps of given any compact topological manifold (possibly with boundary).
For any continuous self-map of a compact metric space, we prove a saturation of distributionally scrambled Mycielski sets under a type of shadowing and the chain transitivity.
The main aim of the present paper is to study relations between $n$-scrambled tuples and their attraction-adherence properties with respect to various sequences of integers. This extends previous research on relations between chaos in the sense of Li and Yorke and distributional chaos with respect to a given sequence. Moreover, we construct a system which is $n$-distributionally chaotic but not $(n+1)$-chaotic.
In present paper we mainly focus on non-recurrent dynamical orbits with empty syndetic center and show that twelve different statistical structures over mixing expanding maps or transitive Anosov diffeomorphisms all have dynamical complexity in the sense of strongly distributional chaos.
The aim of the paper is to correct and improve some results concerning distributional chaos of type 3. We show that in a general compact metric space, distributional chaos of type 3, denoted DC3, even when assuming the existence of an uncountable scrambled set, is a very weak form of chaos. In particular, (i) the chaos can be unstable (it can be destroyed by conjugacy), and (ii) such an unstable system may contain no Li-Yorke pair. However, the definition can be strengthened to get DC$2\frac{1}{2}$ which is a topological invariant and implies Li-Yorke chaos, similarly as types DC1 and DC2; but…
A sufficient and necessary condition ensuring that the backward shift operator on the Köthe sequence space admits an invariant distributionally $\varepsilon$-scrambled set for some $\varepsilon>0$ is obtained, improving the main results in [F. Mart\'ınez-Giménez, P. Oprocha, A. Peris, J. Math. Anal. Appl., {\bf 351} (2009), 607--615].
Let $M$ be a compact smooth manifold without boundary. Based on results by Good and Meddaugh (2020), we prove that a strong distributional chaos is $C^0$-generic in the space of continuous self-maps (resp. homeomorphisms) of $M$. The results contain answers to questions by Li et al. (2016) and Moothathu (2011) in the zero-dimensional case. A related counter-example on the chain components under shadowing is also given.
Many definitions of chaos have appeared in the last decades and with them the question if they are equivalent in some more specific spaces. Our focus will be distributional chaos, first defined in 1994 and later subdivided into three major types (and even more subtypes). These versions of chaos are equivalent on a closed interval, but distinct in more complicated spaces. Since dendrites have much in common with the interval, we explore whether or not we can distinguish these kinds of chaos already on dendrites. In the end of the paper we will also briefly look at the correlation with other typ…
According to the recurrent frequency, many levels of recurrent points are found, such as periodic points, almost periodic points, weakly almost periodic points, quasi-weakly almost periodic points and Banach recurrent points. In this paper, we consider symbolic dynamics and show the existence of six refined levels between Banach recurrence and general recurrence. Despite the fact that these refined levels are all null-measure under any invariant measure, we further show they carry strong topological complexity. Each refined level of recurrent points is dense in the whole space and contains an …
In this article we prove that for a diffeomorphism on a compact Riemannian manifold, if there is a nontrival homoclinic class that is not uniformly hyperbolic or the diffeomorphism is a $C^{1+α}$ and there is a hyperbolic ergodic measure whose support is not uniformly hyperbolic, then we find a type of strongly distributional chaos which is stronger than usual distributional chaos and Li-Yorke chaos in the set of irregular orbits that are not uniformly hyperbolic. Meanwhile, we prove that various fractal sets are strongly distributional chaotic, such as irregular sets, level sets, several recu…
It follows from Oseledec Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem (or Kingmans Subadditional Ergodic Theorem) that the Lyapunov-irregular set of points for which the Oseledec averages of a given continuous cocycle diverge has zero measure with respect to any invariant probability measure. In strong contrast, for any dynamical system f with exponential specification property and a Holder continuous matrix cocycle A, we show here that if there exist ergodic measures with different Lyapunov spectrum, then the Lyapunov-irregular set of A displays distributional chaos of type 1.
The main aim of this article is to show that maps with specification property have invariant distributionally scrambled sets and that this kind of scrambled set can be transferred from factor to extension under finite-to-one factor maps. This solves some open questions in the literature of the topic. We also show how our method can be applied in practice, taking as example Poincaré map of time-periodic nonautonomous planar differential equation $$ \dot{z}=v(t,z)=(1+e^{iκt}\abs{z}^2)\z^3 -N $$ where $κ$ and $N$ are sufficiently small positive real numbers.
In discrete dynamical system $(X, f)$ where $X$ is a topological space and $f \in C(X,X)$, three notions of distributional chaos were defined. They were denoted by $DC1, DC2$ and $DC3$. For interval systems such three notions coincide and they will be denoted by DC-chaos. Generally speaking we have $DC1 \subseteq DC2 \subseteq DC3$-chaos. We wonder if it is possible that chaos can concentrate in some points and develop a local idea of the distributional chaos. Answering to this question, in [12] is introduced the new notion of $DCi$-points for $i = 1,2,3$. Such special points are those in whic…
We disprove the conjecture that distributional chaos of type 3 (briefly, DC3) is iteration invariant and show that a slightly strengthened definition, denoted by DC2$\frac{1}{2}$, is preserved under iteration, i.e. $f^n$ is DC2$\frac{1}{2}$ if and only if $f$ is too. Unlike DC3, DC2$\frac{1}{2}$ is also conjugacy invariant and implies Li-Yorke chaos. The definition of DC2$\frac{1}{2}$ is the following: a pair $(x,y)$ is DC2$\frac{1}{2}$ iff $Φ_{(x,y)}(0)<Φ^*_{(x,y)}(0)$, where $Φ_{(x,y)}(δ)$ (resp. $Φ^*_{(x,y)}(δ)$) is lower (resp. upper) density of times $k$ when $d(f^k(x),f^k(y))<δ$ and both…
Positive topological entropy and distributional chaos are characterized for hereditary shifts. A hereditary shift has positive topological entropy if and only if it is DC2-chaotic (or equivalently, DC3-chaotic) if and only if it is not uniquely ergodic. A hereditary shift is DC1-chaotic if and only if it is not proximal (has more than one minimal set). As every spacing shift and every beta shift is hereditary the results apply to those classes of shifts. Two open problems on topological entropy and distributional chaos of spacing shifts from an article of Banks et al. are solved thanks to this…
There are lots of results to study dynamical complexity on irregular sets and level sets of ergodic average from the perspective of density in base space, Hausdorff dimension, Lebesgue positive measure, positive or full topological entropy (and topological pressure) etc.. However, it is unknown from the viewpoint of chaos. There are lots of results on the relationship of positive topological entropy and various chaos but it is known that positive topological entropy does not imply a strong version of chaos called DC1 so that it is non-trivial to study DC1 on irregular sets and level sets. In t…
This paper establishes some criteria of chaos in non-autonomous discrete systems. Several criteria of strong Li-Yorke chaos are given. Based on these results, some criteria of distributional chaos in a sequence are established. Moreover, several criteria of distributional chaos induced by coupled-expansion for an irreducible transition matrix are obtained. Some of these results not only extend the existing related results for autonomous discrete systems to non-autonomous discrete systems, but also relax the assumptions of the counterparts. One example is provided for illustration.
In this article, we provide a sufficient condition which gives Devaney chaos and distributional chaos for Cowen-Douglas operators. In fact, we obtain a distributionally chaotic criterion for bounded linear operators on Banach spaces.
Motivated by C*-algebra theory, ultragraph edge shift spaces generalize shifts of finite type to the infinite alphabet case. In this paper we study several notions of chaos for ultragraph shift spaces. More specifically, we show that Li-Yorke, Devaney and distributional chaos are equivalent conditions for ultragraph shift spaces, and characterize this condition in terms of a combinatorial property of the underlying ultragraph. Furthermore, we prove that such properties imply the existence of a compact, perfect set which is distributionally scrambled of type 1 in the ultragraph shift space (a r…
We give a summary on the recent development of chaos theory in topological dynamics, focusing on Li-Yorke chaos, Devaney chaos, distributional chaos, positive topological entropy, weakly mixing sets and so on, and their relationships.
In our another recent article, we introduce a new dynamical property for linear operators called norm-unimodality which implies distributional chaos. In the present paper, we'll give a further discussion of norm-unimodality. It is showed that norm-unimodality is similar invariant and the spectra of norm-unimodal operator is referred to. As an application, in each nest algebra there exist distributional chaotic operators. Moreover, normal operators and compact operators with regard to norm-unimodality and Li-Yorke chaos are also be considered. Specially, a small compact perturbation of the unit…
We study a certain class of piecewise monotonic maps of interval. These maps are strictly monotone on finite interval partition, satisfies Markov condition and have generator property. We show that for a function from this class distributional chaos is always present and we study its basic properties. Main result states that distributional spectrum as well as weak spectrum is always finite. This is a generalization of same result for continuous maps on the interval, circle and tree. Examples showing that conditions on mentions class can not be weakened are presented.
We consider nonautonomous discrete dynamical systems $\{ f_n\}_{n\ge 1}$, where every $f_n$ is a surjective continuous map $[0,1]\to [0,1]$ such that $f_n$ converges uniformly to a map $f$. We show, among others, that if $f$ is chaotic in the sense of Li and Yorke then the nonautonomous system $ \{ f_n\}_{n\ge 1}$ is Li-Yorke chaotic as well, and that the same is true for distributional chaos. If $f$ has zero topological entropy then the nonautonomous system inherits its infinite $ω$-limit sets.
We deal with a mechanism of generating distributional chaos in planar nonautonomous ODEs and try to measure chaosity in terms of topological entropy. It is based on the interplay between simple periodic solutions. We prove the existence of infinitely many heteroclinic solutions betwen the periodic ones.
We give an equivalent definition of Devaney chaotic semiflow in terms of eventual sensitivity, the notion recently introduced by C.~Good, R.~Leek, and J.~Mitchell. As a consequence, we prove a version of Auslander-Yorke dichotomy for the case of not necessarily compact phase spaces. Finally, we raise some questions about the relation between Devaney chaoticity and the notion of topological sensitivity, which was recently introduced by C.~Good and C.~Macías.
In recent years, the topic of car-following has experimented an increased importance in traffic engineering and safety research. This has become a very interesting topic because of the development of driverless cars \cite{google_driverless_cars}. Driving models which describe the interaction between adjacent vehicles in the same lane have a big interest in simulation modeling, such as the Quick-Thinking-Driver model. A non-linear version of it can be given using the logistic map, and then chaos appears. We show that an infinite-dimensional version of the linear model presents a chaotic behavio…
Distributional results for the shortest distance between trajectories of different dynamics
Centro de Matemática da Universidade do Porto（波尔图大学数学中心）；Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, Univ Brest CNRS Ifremer IRD（布雷斯特大学CNRS Ifremer IRD物理与空间海洋学实验室）；Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto（波尔图大学理学院）
