HIRES, the high-resolution spectrograph for the ELT
Alessandro Marconi, Manuel Abreu, Vardan Adibekyan, Matteo Aliverti, Carlos Allende Prieto, Pedro J. Amado, Manuel Amate, Etienne Artigau, Sergio R. Augusto, Su… 展开作者
Alessandro Marconi, Manuel Abreu, Vardan Adibekyan, Matteo Aliverti, Carlos Allende Prieto, Pedro J. Amado, Manuel Amate, Etienne Artigau, Sergio R. Augusto, Susana Barros, Santiago Becerril, Bjorn Benneke, Edwin Bergin, Philippe Berio, Naidu Bezawada, Isabelle Boisse, Xavier Bonfils, Francois Bouchy, Christopher Broeg, Alexandre Cabral, Rocio Calvo-Ortega, Bruno Leonardo Canto Martins, Bruno Chazelas, Andrea Chiavassa, Lise B. Christensen, Roberto Cirami, Igor Coretti, Stefano Cristiani, Vanderlei Cunha Parro, Guido Cupani, Izan de Castro Leao, Jose Renan de Medeiros, Marco Antonio Furlan de Souza, Paolo Di Marcantonio, Igor Di Varano, Valentina D'Odorico, Rene Doyon, Holger Drass, Pedro Figueira, Ana Belen Fragoso, Johan Peter Uldall Fynbo, Elena Gallo, Matteo Genoni, Jonay I. Gonzalez Hernandez, Martin Haehnelt, Julie Hlavacek Larrondo, Ian Hughes, Philipp Huke, Andrew Humphrey, Hans Kjeldsen, Andreas Korn, Driss Kouach, Marco Landoni, Jochen Liske, Christophe Lovis, David Lunney, Roberto Maiolino, Lison Malo, Thomas Marquart, Carlos J. A. P. Martins, Elena Mason, John Monnier, Manuel A. Monteiro, Christoph Mordasini, Tim Morris, Graham J. Murray, Andrzej Niedzielski, Nelson Nunes, Ernesto Oliva, Livia Origlia, Enric Palle, Giorgio Pariani, Phil Parr-Burman, Jose Penate, Francesco Pepe, Enrico Pinna, Nikolai Piskunov, Jose Luis Rasilla, Phil Rees, Rafael Rebolo, Ansgar Reiners, Marco Riva, Sylvain Rousseau, Nicoletta Sanna, Nuno C. Santos, Mirsad Sarajlic, Tzu-Chiang Shen, Francesca Sortino, Danuta Sosnowska, Sergio Sousa, Eric Stempels, Klaus G. Strassmeier, Fabio Tenegi, Andrea Tozzi, Stephane Udry, Luca Valenziano, Leonardo Vanzi, Michael Weber, Manfred Woche, Marco Xompero, Erik Zackrisson, Maria Rosa Zapatero Osorio
备注：
to appear in the ESO Messenger No.182, December 2020
HIRES will be the high-resolution spectrograph of the European Extremely Large Telescope at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. It consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs providing a wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 mic (goal 0.35-1.8 mic) at a spectral resolution of ~100,000. The fibre-feeding allows HIRES to have several, interchangeable observing modes including a SCAO module and a small diffraction-limited IFU in the NIR. Therefore, it will be able to operate both in seeing and diffraction-limited modes. ELT-HIRES has a wide range of science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Some of the top science cases will be the detection of bio signatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars (PopIII), tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The HIRES consortium is composed of more than 30 institutes from 14 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers.
We proposed that the European ELT will be equipped with an ultra-high-precision polarimetric light feed as part of its high resolution optical and near-IR spectrograph HIRES. Such a feed is unique among the new ELTs and only possible in a rotationally symmetric focus of the telescope. The ELT's f/4.4 intermediate focus near M4 could provide such a capability with a polarimetric sensitivity of down to 10^(-5) for the brightest targets. Among the new science steps forward with HIRES-Pol at the 39m ELT would be the full characterization of solar-like stellar magnetospheres by means of Zeeman-Dopp…
Simulations of frames from existing and upcoming high-resolution spectrographs, targeted for high accuracy radial velocity measurements, are computationally demanding (both in time and space). We present in this paper an innovative approach based on both parallelization and distribution of the workload. By using NVIDIA CUDA custom-made kernels and state-of-the-art cloud-computing architectures in a Platform as a Service (PaaS) approach, we implemented a modular and scalable end-to-end simulator that is able to render synthetic frames with an accuracy of the order of few cm/sec, while keeping t…
The Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) will provide the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) with a unique window to the thermal- and mid-infrared (3 - 13 microns). Its single-conjugate adaptive optics (SCAO) system will enable high contrast imaging and integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy (R~100,000) at the diffraction limit of the ELT. This article describes the science drivers, conceptual design, observing modes, and expected performance of METIS.
The first generation of E-ELT instruments will include an optical-infrared High Resolution Spectrograph, conventionally indicated as EELT-HIRES, which will be capable of providing unique breakthroughs in the fields of exoplanets, star and planet formation, physics and evolution of stars and galaxies, cosmology and fundamental physics. A 2-year long phase A study for EELT-HIRES has just started and will be performed by a consortium composed of institutes and organisations from Brazil, Chile, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. In thi…
We present a discussion of the design issues and trade-offs that have been considered in putting together a new concept for MOSAIC, the multi-object spectrograph for the E-ELT. MOSAIC aims to address the combined science cases for E-ELT MOS that arose from the earlier studies of the multi-object and multi-adaptive optics instruments. MOSAIC combines the advantages of a highly-multiplexed instrument targeting single-point objects with one which has a more modest multiplex but can spatially resolve a source with high resolution (IFU). These will span across two wavebands: visible and near-infrar…
The instrumentation plan for the European-Extremely Large Telescope foresees a Multi-Object Spectrograph (E-ELT MOS). The MOSAIC project is proposed by a European-Brazilian consortium, to provide a unique MOS facility for astrophysics, studies of the inter-galactic medium and for cosmology. The science cases range from spectroscopy of the most distant galaxies, mass assembly and evolution of galaxies, via resolved stellar populations and galactic archaeology, to planet formation studies. A further strong driver are spectroscopic follow-up observations of targets that will be discovered with th…
The High Angular Resolution Monolithic Optical and Near-infrared Integral field spectrograph (HARMONI) is the visible and near-infrared (NIR), adaptive-optics-assisted, integral field spectrograph for ESO's Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). It will have both a single-conjugate adaptive optics (SCAO) mode (using a single bright natural guide star) and a laser tomographic adaptive optics (LTAO) mode (using multiple laser guide stars), providing near diffraction-limited hyper-spectral imaging with high performance and good sky coverage, respectively. A unique high-contrast adaptive optics (HCAO) c…
HIRES, a high resolution spectrometer, is one of the first five instruments foreseen in the ESO roadmap for the E-ELT. This spectrograph should ideally provide full spectral coverage from the UV limit to 2.5 microns, with a resolving power from R$\sim$10,000 to R$\sim$100,000. At visual/blue wavelengths, where the adaptive optics (AO) cannot provide an efficient light-concentration, HIRES will necessarily be a bulky, seeing-limited instrument. The fundamental question, which we address in this paper, is whether the same approach should be adopted in the near-infrared range, or HIRES should onl…
Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) are beginning to become more prominent in astronomical instrumentation, due to their sensitivity, low noise, high pixel count for superconducting detectors, and inherent energy and time resolving capability. The Kinetic Inductance Detector Spectrometer (KIDSpec) will take advantage of these features, KIDSpec is a medium resolution MKID spectrograph for the optical/near infrared. KIDSpec will contribute to many science areas particularly those involving short and/or faint observations. When short period binary systems are found, typical CCD detecto…
MOSAIC is the planned multi-object spectrograph for the 39m Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). Conceived as a multi-purpose instrument, it offers both high multiplex and multi-IFU capabilities at a range of intermediate to high spectral resolving powers in the visible and the near-infrared. MOSAIC will enable unique spectroscopic surveys of the faintest sources, from the oldest stars in the Galaxy and beyond to the first populations of galaxies that completed the reionisation of the Universe--while simultaneously opening up a wide discovery space. In this contribution we present the status of th…
ANDES, the high-resolution spectrograph for the ELT: design and performance analysis of the YJH spectrograph
UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh（英国天文学技术中心，爱丁堡皇家天文台）；Université de Montréal（蒙特利尔大学）；Université Laval（拉瓦尔大学）；Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室）；Uppsala University（乌普萨拉大学）；INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切特里天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台）
We present HSIM: a dedicated pipeline for simulating observations with the HARMONI integral field spectrograph on the European Extremely Large Telescope. HSIM takes high spectral and spatial resolution input data-cubes, encoding physical descriptions of astrophysical sources, and generates mock observed data-cubes. The simulations incorporate detailed models of the sky, telescope and instrument to produce realistic mock data. Further, we employ a new method of incorporating the strongly wavelength dependent adaptive optics point spread functions. HSIM provides a step beyond traditional exposur…
As telescope apertures increase, the challenge of scaling spectrographic astronomical instruments becomes acute. The next generation of extremely large telescopes (ELTs) strain the availability of glass blanks for optics and engineering to provide sufficient mechanical stability. While breaking the relationship between telescope diameter and instrument pupil size by adaptive optics is a clear path for small fields of view, survey instruments exploiting multiplex advantages will be pressed to find cost-effective solutions. In this review we argue that exploiting the full potential of ELTs will …
An important tool for the development of the next generation of extremely large telescopes (ELTs) is a robust Systems Engineering (SE) methodology. GMACS is a first-generation multi-object spectrograph that will work at visible wavelengths on the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). In this paper, we discuss the application of SE to the design of next-generation instruments for ground-based astronomy and present the ongoing development of SE products for the GMACS spectrograph, currently in its Conceptual Design phase. SE provides the means to assist in the management of complex projects, and in th…
There are 8000 galaxies, including 1600 at z larger than 1.6, which could be simultaneously observed in an E-ELT field of view of 40 sq. arcmin. A considerable fraction of astrophysical discoveries require large statistical samples, which can only be obtained with multi-object spectrographs (MOS). MOSAIC will provide a vast discovery space, enabled by a multiplex of 200 and spectral resolving powers of R=5000 and 20000. MOSAIC will also offer the unique capability of more than 10 "high-definition" (multi-object adaptive optics, MOAO) integral-field units, optimised to investigate the physics o…
Harmoni is the ELT's first light visible and near-infrared integral field spectrograph. It will provide four different spatial scales, ranging from coarse spaxels of 60 x 30 mas best suited for seeing limited observations, to 4 mas spaxels that Nyquist sample the diffraction limited point spread function of the ELT at near-infrared wavelengths. Each spaxel scale may be combined with eleven spectral settings, that provide a range of spectral resolving powers from R 3500 to R 20000 and instantaneous wavelength coverage spanning the 0.47 - 2.45 μm wavelength range of the instrument. The consortiu…
SHARP -- A spectrograph proposal to fully exploit ELT capabilities and look beyond JWST
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera（意大利国家天体物理研究所布拉拉天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿布鲁佐天文台）；Politecnico di Milano（米兰理工大学）；Universita’ degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata（罗马第二大学）；INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切尔菲天文台）；INAF - IASF（意大利国家天体物理研究所星际介质与天体物理研究所）；INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio（意大利国家天体物理研究所天体物理学与空间科学观测站）；INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia（意大利国家天体物理研究所射电天文研究所）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台）
HARMONI at ELT: line spread functions in a diffraction limited spectrometer
UKATC, Royal Observatory Edinburgh（英国天文技术控制中心，爱丁堡皇家天文台）；Oxford University（牛津大学）；Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM（艾克斯-马赛大学，法国国家科学研究中心，法国国家空间研究中心，拉格朗日实验室）；Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL)（里昂第一大学，法国国家科学研究中心，里昂天体物理研究中心）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)（加那利天体物理学研究所）；Department of Physics, Durham University（杜伦大学物理系）
The large aperture and sensitive optical and near infrared imager spectrographs will enable an ELT system to observe some supernovae at large distances, deep into cosmological history when supernovae first began to occur.
METIS will be among the first generation of scientific instruments on the E-ELT. Focusing on highest angular resolution and high spectral resolution, METIS will provide diffraction limited imaging and coronagraphy from 3-14um over an 20"x20" field of view, as well as integral field spectroscopy at R ~ 100,000 from 2.9-5.3um. In addition, METIS provides medium-resolution (R ~ 5000) long slit spectroscopy, and polarimetric measurements at N band. While the baseline concept has already been discussed, this paper focuses on the significant developments over the past two years in several areas: The…
Building on the experience of the high-resolution community with the suite of VLT high-resolution spectrographs, which has been tremendously successful, we outline here the (science) case for a high-fidelity, high-resolution spectrograph with wide wavelength coverage at the E-ELT. Flagship science drivers include: the study of exo-planetary atmospheres with the prospect of the detection of signatures of life on rocky planets; the chemical composition of planetary debris on the surface of white dwarfs; the spectroscopic study of protoplanetary and proto-stellar disks; the extension of Galactic …
MOSAIC at ELT: Design and First Prototyping of Novel Robotic Optical-Relay Positioners
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)（洛桑联邦理工学院）；Haute Ecole du Paysage, d’Ingénierie et d’Architecture de Genève (HEPIA)（日内景观、工程与建筑高等学院）；Durham University（杜伦大学）；University of Sao Paulo（圣保罗大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；STFC RALSpace, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory（英国科技设施委员会RAL空间部，鲁瑟福阿普尔顿实验室）；ASTRON（荷兰射电天文研究所）；Aix Marseille Université（艾克斯-马赛大学）；Univ Toulouse（图卢兹大学）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）；Observatoire de Paris（巴黎天文台）；PSL University（巴黎文理研究大学）；Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes（艾萨克·牛顿望远镜组）；STFC UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory（英国科技设施委员会英国天体物理技术中心，皇家天文台）
The Planetary Camera and Spectrograph (PCS) for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) will be dedicated to detecting and characterising nearby exoplanets with sizes from sub-Neptune to Earth-size in the neighbourhood of the Sun. This goal is achieved by a combination of eXtreme Adaptive Optics (XAO), coronagraphy and spectroscopy. PCS will allow us not only to take images, but also to look for biosignatures such as molecular oxygen in the exoplanets' atmospheres. This article describes the PCS primary science goals, the instrument concept and the research and development activities that will be …
Fibre-fed spectrographs now have throughputs equivalent to slit spectrographs. However, the sky subtraction accuracy that can be reached has often been pinpointed as one of the major issues associated with the use of fibres. Using technical time observations with FLAMES-GIRAFFE, two observing techniques, namely dual staring and cross beam-switching, were tested and the resulting sky subtraction accuracy reached in both cases was quantified. Results indicate that an accuracy of 0.6% on sky subtraction can be reached, provided that the cross beam-switching mode is used. This is very encouraging …
HARMONI is the first light visible and near-IR integral field spectrograph for the ELT covering a large spectral range from 450nm to 2450nm with resolving powers from 3500 to 18000 and spatial sampling from 60mas to 4mas. It can operate in two Adaptive Optics modes-SCAO and LTAO-or with no AO. The project is preparing for Final Design Reviews. The laser Tomographic AO (LTAO) system provides AO correction with very high sky-coverage thanks to two systems: the Laser Guide Star Sensors (LGSS) and the Natural Guide Star Sensors (NGSS). LGSS is dedicated to the analysis of the wavefront coming from…
MAORY is the Adaptive Optic (AO) module that will be installed at the E-ELT at the first light of the telescope. It will provide two different types of AO correction, a very high correction over a small FoV (diameter ~10 arcsec, SCAO mode) and a moderate and homogeneous correction over a wide FoV (diameter ~60 arcsec, MCAO mode). Here we present a first collection of science cases for MAORY feeding the E-ELT first light camera and spectrograph MICADO. Since the general science cases for E-ELT have already been developed elsewhere, here we focus on the design of specific observations, to explor…
We present results of performance modelling for METIS, the Mid-infrared European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) Imager and Spectrograph. Designed by a consortium of NOVA (Netherlands), UK Astronomy Technology Centre (UK), MPIA Heidelberg (Germany), CEA Saclay (France) and KU Leuven (Belgium), METIS will cover the atmospheric windows in L, M and N-band and will offer imaging, medium-resolution slit spectroscopy (R~1000-3000) and high-resolution integral field spectroscopy (R~100,000). Our model uses a detailed set of input parameters for site characteristics and atmospheric profiles, optical…
We report on an attempt to accurately wavelength calibrate four nights of data taken with the Keck HIRES spectrograph on QSO PHL957, for the purpose of determining whether the fine structure constant was different in the past. Using new software and techniques, we measured the redshifts of various Ni II, Fe II, Si II, etc. lines in a damped Ly-alpha system at z=2.309. Roughly half the data was taken through the Keck iodine cell which contains thousands of well calibrated iodine lines. Using these iodine exposures to calibrate the normal Th-Ar Keck data pipeline output we found absolute wavelen…
We have designed a fiber scrambler as a prototype for the Keck HIRES spectrograph, using double scrambling to stabilize illumination of the spectrometer and a pupil slicer to increase spectral resolution to R = 70,000 with minimal slit losses. We find that the spectral line spread function (SLSF) for the double scrambler observations is 18 times more stable than the SLSF for comparable slit observations and 9 times more stable than the SLSF for a single fiber scrambler that we tested in 2010. For the double scrambler test data, we further reduced the radial velocity scatter from an average of …
Exoplanet science is booming. In 20 years our knowledge has expanded considerably, from the first discovery of a Hot Jupiter, to the detection of a large population of Neptunes and super-Earths, to the first steps toward the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres. Between today and 2025, the field will evolve at an even faster pace with the advent of several space-based transit search missions, ground-based spectrographs, high-contrast imaging facilities, and the James Webb Space Telescope. Especially the ESA M-class PLATO mission will be a game changer in the field. From 2024 onwards, PLAT…
The 39-meter European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) is expected to have very low throughput in the blue part of the visible spectrum. Because of that, a blue-optimised spectrograph at the 8-meter Very Large Telescope could potentially be competitive against the E-ELT at wavelengths shorter than 400 nm. A concept study for such an instrument was concluded in 2012. This would be a high-throughput, medium resolution (R $\sim$ 20\,000) spectrograph, operating between 300 and 400 nm. It is currently expected that construction of this instrument will start in the next few years. In this contribu…
The high-speed variability of the local water vapor content in the Earth atmosphere is a significant contributor to ground-based wavefront quality throughout the infrared domain. Unlike dry air, water vapor is highly chromatic, especially in the mid-infrared. This means that adaptive optics correction in the visible or near-infrared domain does not necessarily ensure a high wavefront quality at longer wavelengths. Here, we use literature measurements of water vapor seeing, and more recent infrared interferometric data from the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), to evaluate the wavefro…
The ELT is a 39m large, ground-based optical and near- to mid-infrared telescope under construction in the Chilean Atacama desert. Operation is planned to start around the middle of the next decade. All first light instruments will come with wavefront sensing devices that allow control of the ELT's intrinsic M4 and M5 wavefront correction units, thus building an adaptive optics (AO) system. To take advantage of the ELT's optical performance, full diffraction-limited operation is required and only a high performance AO system can deliver this. Further technically challenging requirements for th…
ANDES, the high-resolution spectrograph of the ELT: simulated performance of the CORO module and overview of the high-contrast capabilities for exoplanet observations
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange（蔚蓝海岸大学，蔚蓝海岸天文台，法国国家科学研究中心，拉格朗日实验室）；Lund Observatory, Division of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Lund University（隆德大学，物理系，天体物理学部，隆德天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri（意大利国家天体物理研究所，阿切特里天文台）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Instituto de Astronomía, Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学，天文研究所）；LUPM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS（蒙彼利埃大学，法国国家科学研究中心，LUPM实验室）；Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学，法国国家科学研究中心，IPAG实验室）；INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Brera（意大利国家天体物理研究所，布雷拉天文台）；Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM（艾克斯马赛大学，法国国家科学研究中心，法国国家空间研究中心，LAM实验室）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所，的里雅斯特天文台）
介绍了 ANDES 高分辨率光谱仪日冕仪模块，其能结合高对比度成像与高色散光谱学研究系外行星特性，详细阐述设计、特征及模拟性能，展示初步模拟结果并讨论表征操作，以评估其对系外行星大气特征的探测能力。
The HIRES spectrograph, mounted on the $10$-m Keck-I telescope, belongs to a small group of radial-velocity (RV) instruments that produce stellar RVs with long-term precision down to $\sim1$ ms$^{-1}$. In $2017$, the HIRES team published $64,480$ RVs of $1,699$ stars, collected between $1996$ and $2014$. In this bank of RVs, we identify a sample of RV-quiet stars, whose RV scatter is $<10$ ms$^{-1}$, and use them to reveal two small but significant nightly zero-point effects: a discontinuous jump, caused by major modifications of the instrument in August $2004$, and a long-term drift. The size…
Over the past 18 months we have revisited the science requirements for a multi-object spectrograph (MOS) for the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). These efforts span the full range of E-ELT science and include input from a broad cross-section of astronomers across the ESO partner countries. In this contribution we summarise the key cases relating to studies of high-redshift galaxies, galaxy evolution, and stellar populations, with a more expansive presentation of a new case relating to detection of exoplanets in stellar clusters. A general requirement is the need for two observationa…
The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme AO (SCExAO) instrument consists of a high performance Phase Induced Amplitude Apodisation (PIAA) coronagraph combined with an extreme Adaptive Optics (AO) system operating in the near-infrared (H band). The extreme AO system driven by the 2000 element deformable mirror will allow for Strehl ratios >90% to be achieved in the H-band when it goes closed loop. This makes the SCExAO instrument a powerful platform for high contrast imaging down to angular separations of the order of 1lambda/D and an ideal testbed for exploring coronagraphic techniques for ELTs. In th…
As telescopes get larger, the size of a seeing-limited spectrograph for a given resolving power becomes larger also, and for ELTs the size will be so great that high resolution instruments of simple design will be infeasible. Solutions include adaptive optics (but not providing full correction for short wavelengths) or image slicers (which give feasible but still large instruments). Here we develop the solution proposed by Bland-Hawthorn and Horton: the use of diffraction-limited spectrographs which are compact even for high resolving power. Their use is made possible by the photonic lantern, …
RISTRETTO is a visible high-resolution spectrograph fed by an extreme adaptive optics (XAO) system, to be proposed as a visitor instrument on ESO VLT. The main science goal of RISTRETTO is the detection and atmospheric characterization of exoplanets in reflected light, in particular the temperate rocky planet Proxima b. RISTRETTO will be able to measure albedos and detect atmospheric features in a number of exoplanets orbiting nearby stars for the first time. It will do so by combining a high-contrast AO system working at the diffraction limit of the telescope to a high-resolution spectrograph…
ELT-HARMONI is the first light visible and near-IR integral field spectrograph (IFS) for the ELT. It covers a large spectral range from 450nm to 2450nm with resolving powers from 3500 to 18000 and spatial sampling from 60mas to 4mas. It can operate in two Adaptive Optics modes - SCAO (including a High Contrast capability) and LTAO - or with NOAO. The project is preparing for Final Design Reviews. The High Contrast Module (HCM) will allow HARMONI to perform direct imaging and spectral analysis of exoplanets up to one million times fainter than their host star. Quasi-static aberrations are a lim…
When combined with the huge collecting area of the ELT, MOSAIC will be the most effective and flexible Multi-Object Spectrograph (MOS) facility in the world, having both a high multiplex and a multi-Integral Field Unit (Multi-IFU) capability. It will be the fastest way to spectroscopically follow-up the faintest sources, probing the reionisation epoch, as well as evaluating the evolution of the dwarf mass function over most of the age of the Universe. MOSAIC will be world-leading in generating an inventory of both the dark matter (from realistic rotation curves with MOAO fed NIR IFUs) and the …
Quantified Estimation of Molecular Detections across Different Classes of Neptunian Atmospheres Using Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy: Prospects for Future Extremely Large Telescopes with High-Resolution Spectrographs
Maximising the mid-infrared high-contrast performance of ELT/METIS despite water vapour seeing
STAR Institute, Université de Liège（列日大学STAR研究所）；Department of SPASE, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur（坎普尔印度理工学院SPASE系）；Australian Astronomical Optics & School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University（麦考瑞大学澳大利亚天文光学与数理学院）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿大学莱顿天文台）
HARMONI is a visible and NIR integral field spectrograph, providing the E-ELT's core spectroscopic capability at first light. HARMONI will work at the diffraction limit of the E-ELT, thanks to a Classical and a Laser Tomographic AO system. In this paper, we present the system choices that have been made for these SCAO and LTAO modules. In particular, we describe the strategy developed for the different Wave-Front Sensors: pyramid for SCAO, the LGSWFS concept, the NGSWFS path, and the truth sensor capabilities. We present first potential implementations. And we asses the first system performanc…
CUBES: optical design and analysis of the VLT's high-resolution UV spectrograph past final design review
STFC - United Kingdom Astronomy Technology Centre (UK ATC)（英国科学技术设施委员会-英国天文学技术中心）；Durham University - Centre for Advanced Instrumentation - Department of Physics（杜伦大学-先进仪器中心-物理系）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera（意大利国家天体物理研究所-布拉拉天文台）；Optical Lab Baader Planetarium GmbH（巴德尔天文馆有限公司光学实验室）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所-的里雅斯特天文台）
In the new era of Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) currently under construction, challenging requirements drive spectrograph designs towards techniques that efficiently use a facility's light collection power. Operating in the single-mode (SM) regime, close to the diffraction limit, reduces the footprint of the instrument compared to a conventional high-resolving power spectrograph. The custom built injection fiber system with 3D-printed micro-lenses on top of it for the replicable high-resolution exoplanet and asteroseismology spectrograph at Subaru in combination with extreme adaptive optic…
