AI 中文总结
MPIA为ELT的PCS研发模块化自适应光学测试平台，集成可变形反射镜等组件，用于验证AO关键技术与控制策略，推动PCS高对比度成像AO系统成熟。
AI 中文摘要
行星相机与摄谱仪（PCS）是为欧洲极大望远镜（ELT）提出的第二代仪器，专门用于系外行星的直接成像与表征。为满足其严苛的科学需求，PCS将整合极端自适应光学（AO）系统，该系统依托ELT现有AO仪器（如ELT/METIS）以及ELT和甚大望远镜（VLT）的高对比度AO系统（包括SPHERE及其即将推出的升级版SAXO+）的技术遗产。PCS的研发需要大量的研究与开发工作以推进关键AO技术。本研究中，我们介绍了马克斯·普朗克天文研究所（MPIA）关于模块化测试平台的计划，该平台用于验证关键组件与控制策略。该测试平台将集成两个可变形反射镜，其中包括由Bertin-ALPAO与欧洲南方天文台（ESO）合作开发的可变形反射镜原型，预计于2029年交付。该设施将支持测试不同的傅里叶滤波波前传感器，包括新型掩模设计，同时探索不同的控制架构，如采用单个波前传感器适配两个可变形反射镜的低音-高音配置，或完全独立的AO级联。此外，该测试平台将利用MPIA在实时计算机开发方面的专业知识，开展先进控制策略的实验，包括预测控制和机器学习增强的AO技术。本成果介绍了MPIA在PCS研发方面的当前状态，强调了为使AO系统成熟以用于ELT的高对比度成像而开展的持续研发工作。
英文摘要
The Planetary Camera and Spectrograph (PCS) is a proposed second-generation instrument for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), dedicated to the direct imaging and characterization of exoplanets. To meet its demanding science requirements, PCS will incorporate an extreme adaptive optics (AO) system, building upon the heritage of existing ELT AO instruments such as ELT/METIS, as well as high-contrast AO systems at the ELT and the VLT, including SPHERE and its upcoming upgrade, SAXO+. PCS development requires extensive research and development to advance critical AO technologies. In this work, we present the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) plan for a modular testbed to validate key components and control strategies. This testbed will integrate two deformable mirrors, including a DM prototype developed by Bertin-ALPAO in collaboration with ESO, with an estimated delivery in 2029. The facility will enable testing of different Fourier filtering wavefront sensors, including novel mask designs, while exploring different control architectures, such as woofer-tweeter configurations with a single wavefront sensor for both deformable mirrors or fully independent AO stages. Additionally, the testbed will leverage MPIA's expertise in real-time computer development to experiment with advanced control strategies, including predictive control and machine learning-enhanced AO techniques. This contribution presents the current status of PCS development at MPIA, highlighting the ongoing R\&D efforts to mature its AO system for high-contrast imaging with the ELT.
Comments6 pages, 1 figure, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2026
Journal refProc. SPIE 14150, Adaptive Optics Systems X, 1415038 (19 Aug 2026)
