SHARP——为MORFEO@ELT构想的一台近红外多模式光谱仪
SHARP -- A near-IR multi-mode spectrograph conceived for MORFEO@ELT
AI总结：
SHARP是为MORFEO@ELT设计的近红外多模式光谱仪概念，结合多目标光谱仪NEXUS和多积分视场单元VESPER，以约30 mas角分辨率和最高R≈17000光谱分辨率超越NIRSpec@JWST，用于以前所未有的细节研究邻近与早期宇宙。
摘要：
极大望远镜（ELTs）凭借其大口径和前沿的多共轭自适应光学（MCAO）系统，有望提供甚至比JWST更清晰、更深度的数据。SHARP是一项近红外（0.95-2.45 μm）光谱仪的概念研究，旨在充分利用即将到来的新一代ELT的集光面积和角分辨率。具体而言，SHARP是为MORFEO@ELT的第二个端口设计的。MORFEO-SHARP由一台多目标光谱仪NEXUS和一个多积分视场单元VESPER组成，将提供高角分辨率（约30 mas）和高光谱分辨率（R≈300、2000、6000、17000），性能优于NIRSpec@JWST（100 mas）。SHARP将以前所未有的细节开展对邻近宇宙和早期宇宙的研究。NEXUS由一个可配置狭缝系统馈入，可在约1.2"×1.2"（35 mas/pix）的视场上部署多达30条长度约2.4角秒、宽度可调的狭缝。每条狭缝由一个反转棱镜馈入，该棱镜能够以任意角度旋转狭缝可见的视场。VESPER由12个探头组成，每个探头大小为1.7"×1.5"（spaxel 31 mas），探测视场为24"×70"。SHARP旨在通过将NEXUS的灵敏度和VESPER的高空间采样能力与MORFEO的能力相结合，利用ELT的口径达到最暗的流量极限和最清晰的角分辨率。本文概述了科学设计驱动因素、其解决方案以及由此实现的满足所需光学性能的仪器光学设计。
英文摘要：
The Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs), thanks to their large apertures and cutting-edge Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) systems, promise to deliver sharper and deeper data even than the JWST. SHARP is a concept study for a near-IR (0.95-2.45 $μ$m) spectrograph conceived to fully exploit the collecting area and the angular resolution of the upcoming generation of ELTs. In particular, SHARP is designed for the 2nd port of MORFEO@ELT. Composed of a Multi-Object Spectrograph, NEXUS, and a multi-Integral Field Unit, VESPER, MORFEO-SHARP will deliver high angular ($\sim$30 mas) and spectral (R$\simeq$300, 2000, 6000, 17000) resolution, outperforming NIRSpec@JWST (100 mas). SHARP will enable studies of the nearby Universe and the early Universe in unprecedented detail. NEXUS is fed by a configurable slit system deploying up to 30 slits with $\sim$2.4 arcsec length and adjustable width, over a field of about 1.2"$\times$1.2" (35 mas/pix). Each slit is fed by an inversion prism able to rotate by an arbitrary angle the field that can be seen by the slit. VESPER is composed of 12 probes of 1.7"$\times$1.5" each (spaxel 31 mas) probing a field 24"$\times$70". SHARP is conceived to exploit the ELTs apertures reaching the faintest flux and the sharpest angular resolution by joining the sensitivity of NEXUS and the high spatial sampling of VESPER to MORFEO capabilities. This article provides an overview of the scientific design drivers, their solutions, and the resulting optical design of the instrument achieving the required optical performance.
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