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arXiv 2011.09881quant-ph
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从第一性原理出发的量子场论

Quantum field theory from first principles

P. Perinotti

摘要:

如果量子理论的系统首先被认为是基本的信息载体,而不是物质的基本成分,它们的连接是给定算法内的逻辑连接,而不是时空关系,那么我们需要找到力学概念的起源-为此,我们将说明如何物理定律可以被视为算法的更新内存寄存器,使一个物理系统。强加的物理定律的特性,这样一个算法,即均匀性,可逆性和各向同性,我们将表明,这样选择的物理定律是特定的算法称为元胞自动机。进一步假设最大的简单性的算法导致两个元胞自动机只有,在一个合适的制度可以描述的外尔的微分方程,躺在相对论量子场的动力学的基础。最后,我们将讨论同一个元胞自动机是如何同时产生费米场动力学和麦克斯韦方程组的,麦克斯韦方程组是电磁场动力学的规则。最后,我们将回顾一下对相对性原理的讨论,该原理必须通过定义惯性参考系的变化来适当地适应时空不是基本概念的情况,并且该原理的表述导致恢复闵可夫斯基时空的对称性,与庞加莱群相一致。因此,时空是作为物理定律的一种表现而出现的,而不是作为它们出现的背景,它的特征是由系统的动力学决定的,系统的动力学必然配有表达它的微分方程,简言之,除非演化规则需要时空,否则就不存在时空。

英文摘要:

If the systems of quantum theory are thought of as elementary information carriers in the first place, rather than elementary constituents of matter, and their connections are logical connections within a given algorithm, rather than space-time relations, then we need to find the origin of mechanical concepts---that characterise quantum mechanics as a theory of physical systems. To this end, we will illustrate how physical laws can be viewed as algorithms for the update of memory registers that make a physical system. Imposing the characteristic properties of physical laws to such an algorithm, i.e. homogeneity, reversibility and isotropy, we will show that the physical laws thus selected are particular algorithms known as cellular automata. Further assumptions regarding maximal simplicity of the algorithm lead to two cellular automata only, that in a suitable regime can be described by Weyl's differential equations, lying at the basis of the dynamics of relativistic quantum fields. We will finally discuss how the same cellular automaton can give rise to both Fermionic field dynamics and to Maxwell's equations, that rule the dynamics of the electromagnetic field. We will conclude reviewing the discussion of the relativity principle, that must be suitably adapted to the scenario where space-time is not an elementary notion, through the definition of a change of inertial reference frame, and whose formulation leads to the recovery of the symmetry of Minkowski space-time, identified with Poincaré's group. Space-time thus emerges as one of the manifestations of physical laws, rather than the background where they occur, and its features are determined by the dynamics of systems, necessarily equipped with differential equations that express it. In brief, there is no space-time unless an evolution rule requires it.

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