In this paper, we analyze an eigenvalue problem for quasi-linear elliptic operators involving homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions in a open smooth bounded domain. We show that the eigenfunctions corresponding to the eigenvalues belong to $L^{\infty}$, which implies $C^{1,α}$ smoothness, and the first eigenvalue is simple. Moreover, we investigate the bifurcation results from trivial solutions using the Krasnoselski bifurcation theorem and from infinity using the Leray-Schauder degree. We also show the existence of multiple critical points using variational methods and the Krasnoselski genus.
We consider bifurcation of solutions from a given trivial branch for a class of strongly indefinite elliptic systems via the spectral flow. Our main results establish bifurcation invariants that can be obtained from the coefficients of the systems without using explicit solutions of their linearisations at the given branch. Our constructions are based on a comparison principle for the spectral flow and a generalisation of a bifurcation theorem due to Szulkin.
This is the second part of a series devoting to the generalizations and applications of common theorems in variational bifurcation theory. Using abstract theorems in the first part we obtain many new bifurcation results for quasi-linear elliptic boundary value problems of higher order.
We obtain some new bifurcation criteria for solutions of general boundary value problems for nonlinear elliptic systems of partial differential equations. The results are of different nature from the ones that can be obtained via the traditional Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction. Our sufficient conditions for bifurcation are derived from the Atiyah-Singer family index theorem and therefore they depend only on the coefficients of derivatives of leading order of the linearized differential operators. They are computed explicitly from the coefficients without the need of solving the linearized equations…
We study bifurcation from a branch of trivial solutions of semilinear elliptic Dirichlet boundary value problems on a geodesic ball, whose radius is used as the bifurcation parameter. In the proof of our main theorem we obtain in addition a special case of an index theorem due to S. Smale.
We study local bifurcation from an eigenvalue with multiplicity greater than one for a class of semilinear elliptic equations. We evaluate the exact number of bifurcation branches of non trivial solutions and we compute the Morse index of the solutions in those branches.
We consider the Dirichlet problem for semilinear elliptic equations on a bounded domain which is diffeomorphic to a ball and investigate bifurcation from a given (trivial) branch of solutions, where the radius of the ball serves as bifurcation parameter. Our methods are based on well known results from variational bifurcation theory, which we outline in a separate section for the readers' convenience.
In this paper we extend existing results concerning generalized eigenvalues of Pucci's extremal operators. In the radial case, we also give a complete description of their spectrum, together with an equivalent of Rabinowitz's Global Bifurcation Theorem. This allows us to solve equations involving Pucci's operators.
In this paper, we analyze an eigenvalue problem for nonlinear elliptic operators involving homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions in a open smooth bounded domain. We prove bifurcation results from trivial solutions and from infinity for the considered nonlinear eigenvalue problem. We also show the existence of multiple solutions of the nonlinear problem using variational methods.
We study bifurcation from a branch of trivial solutions of semilinear elliptic Dirichlet boundary value problems on star-shaped domains, where the bifurcation parameter is introduced by shrinking the domain. In the proof of our main theorem we obtain in addition a special case of an index theorem due to S. Smale.
We report on some recent existence and uniqueness results for elliptic equations subject to Dirichlet boundary condition and involving a singular nonlinearity. We take into account the following types of problems: (i) singular problems with sublinear nonlinearity and two parameters; (ii) combined effects of asymptotically linear and singular nonlinearities in bifurcation problems; (iii) bifurcation for a class of singular elliptic problems with subquadratic convection term. In some concrete situations we also establish the asymptotic behaviour of the solution around the bifurcation point. Our …
In this paper we establish a unilateral bifurcation result for a class of quasilinear elliptic system strongly coupled, extending a bifurcation theorem due to J. López-Gómez. To this aim, we use several results, such that Fredholm operator of index $0$ theory, eigenvalues of elliptic operators and the Krein-Rutman theorem. Lastly, we apply this result to some particular systems arising from population dynamics and determine a region of existence of coexistence states.
In this paper, based on some prior estimates, we show that the essential spectrum $λ=0$ is a bifurcation point for an superlinear elliptic equation with only local conditions, which generalizes a series of earlier results on an open problem proposed by C. A. Stuart in 1983 [Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1017].
In this paper we study for the incompressible Euler equations the global structure of the bifurcation diagram for the rotating doubly connected patches near the degenerate case. We show that the branches with the same symmetry merge forming a small loop provided that they are close enough. This confirms the numerical observations done in the recent work [10]
We consider an elliptic problem with nonlinear boundary condition involving nonlinearity with superlinear and subcritical growth at infinity and a bifurcation parameter as a factor. We use re-scaling method, degree theory and continuation theorem to prove that there exists a connected branch of positive solutions bifurcating from infinity when the parameter goes to zero. Moreover, if the nonlinearity satisfies additional conditions near zero, we establish a global bifurcation result, and discuss the number of positive solution(s) with respect to the parameter using bifurcation theory and degre…
In this short note, we consider the elliptic problem $$ λϕ+ Δϕ= η|ϕ|^σϕ,\quad ϕ\big|_{\partial Ω}=0,\quad λ, η\in \mathbb{C}, $$ on a smooth domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^N$, $N\ge 1$. The presence of complex coefficients, motivated by the study of complex Ginzburg-Landau equations, breaks down the variational structure of the equation. We study the existence of nontrivial solutions as bifurcations from the trivial solution. More precisely, we characterize the bifurcation branches starting from eigenvalues of the Dirichlet-Laplacian of arbitrary multiplicity. This allows us to discuss the nature…
In this paper we obtain, for a semilinear elliptic problem in R^N, families of solutions bifurcating from the bottom of the spectrum of $-Δ$. The problem is variational in nature and we apply a nonlinear reduction method which allows us to search for solutions as critical points of suitable functionals defined on finite-dimensional manifolds.
The aim of this paper is to study global bifurcations of non-constant solutions of some nonlinear elliptic systems, namely the system on a sphere and the Neumann problem on a ball. We study the bifurcation phenomenon from families of constant solutions given by critical points of the potentials. Considering this problem in the presence of additional symmetries of a compact Lie group, we study orbits of solutions and, in particular, we do not require the critical points to be isolated. Moreover, we allow the considered orbits of critical points to be degenerate. To prove the bifurcation we comp…
In this paper, we shall study global bifurcation phenomenon for the following Kirchhoff type problem \begin{equation} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} -\left(a+b\int_Ω\vert \nabla u\vert^2\,dx\right)Δu=λu+h(x,u,λ)\,\,\text{in}\,\, Ω,\\ u=0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\text{on}\,\,Ω. \end{array} \right.\nonumber \end{equation} Under some natural hypotheses on $h$, we show that $\left(aλ_1,0\right)$ is a bifurcation point of the above problem. As applications of the above result, we shall determine the interval of $λ$, in which there exist positive solutions for the above problem wit…
In the paper the asymptotic bifurcation of solutions to a parameterized stationary semilinear Schrödinger equation involving a potential of the Kato-Rellich type is studied. It is shown that the bifurcation from infinity occurs if the parameter is an eigenvalue of the hamiltonian lying below the asymptotic bottom of the bounded part of the potential. Thus the bifurcating solution are related to bound states of the corresponding Schrödinger equation. The argument relies on the use of the (generalized) Conley index due to Rybakowski and resonance assumptions of the Landesman-Lazer or sign-condit…
We study radial solutions of the semilinear elliptic equation $Δu+f(u)=0$ under rather general growth conditions on $f$. We construct a radial singular solution and study the intersection number between the singular solution and a regular solution. An application to bifurcation problems of elliptic Dirichlet problems is given. To this end, we derive a certain limit equation from the original equation at infinity, using a generalized similarity transformation. Through a generalized Cole-Hopf transformation, all the limit equations can be reduced into two typical cases, i.e., $Δu+u^p=0$ and $Δu+…
We construct the global bifurcation curves, solutions versus level of harvesting, for the steady states of a diffusive logistic equation on a bounded domain, under Dirichlet boundary conditions and other appropriate hypotheses, when $a$, the linear growth rate of the population, is below $λ_2+δ$. Here $λ_2$ is the second eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian on the domain and $δ>0$. Such curves have been obtained before, but only for $a$ in a right neighborhood of the first eigenvalue. Our analysis provides the exact number of solutions of the equation for $a\leqλ_2$ and new information on the…
We study the one-dimensional nonlocal elliptic equation \begin{eqnarray*} -\left(\int_0^1 \vert u(x)\vert^p dx + b\right)^q u''(x) &=& λu(x)^p, \quad x \in I:= (0,1), \ u(x) > 0, \ x\in I, \\ u(0) &=& u(1) = 0, \end{eqnarray*} where $b \ge 0, p \ge 1, q > 1 - \frac{1}{p}$ are given constants and $λ> 0$ is a bifurcation parameter. We establish the global behavior of bifurcation diagrams and precise asymptotic formulas for $u_λ(x)$ as $λ\to \infty$.
A celebrated result in bifurcation theory is that global connected sets of non-trivial solutions bifurcate from trivial solutions at non-zero eigenvalues of odd algebraic multiplicity of the linearized problem when the operators involved are compact. In this paper a simple example is constructed which satisfies the regularity hypotheses of the global bifurcation theorem, and the eigenvalue has algebraic multiplicity one, yet all the path-connected components of the connected sets that bifurcate are singletons. Another example shows that even when the operators are everywhere infinitely differe…
In this paper we study the following eigenvalue boundary value problem for Monge-Ampère equations: {equation} \{{array}{l} \det(D^2u)=λ^N f(-u)\,\, \text{in}\,\, Ω, u=0,\,\text{on}\,\, \partial Ω. {array}. {equation} We establish the unilateral global bifurcation results for the problem with $f(u)=u^N+g(u)$ and $Ω$ being the unit ball of $\mathbb{R}^N$. More precisely, under some natural hypotheses on the perturbation function $g:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$, we show that $(λ_1,0)$ is a bifurcation point of the problem and there are two distinct unbounded continua of one-sign solutions, wh…
We generalise the semi-Riemannian Morse index theorem to elliptic systems of partial differential equations on star-shaped domains. Moreover, we apply our theorem to bifurcation from a branch of trivial solutions of semilinear systems, where the bifurcation parameter is introduced by shrinking the domain to a point. This extends recent results of the authors for scalar equations.
In this paper, we analyze an eigenvalue problem for a quasi-linear elliptic operators involving Dirichlet boundary condition in an open smooth bounded set of $\mathbb{R}^N$. We investigate a bifurcation results (from trivial solution and from infinity) of an eigenvalue problem involving the $(p,2)$-Laplace operator, from the Fu\v cik spectrum of the Laplacian.
This paper is devoted to multiplicity results of solutions to nonlocal elliptic equations modeling gravitating systems. By considering the case of Fermi-Dirac statistics as a singular perturbation of Maxwell-Boltzmann one, we are able to produce multiplicity results. Our method is based on cumulated mass densities and a logarithmic change of coordinates that allows us to describe the set of all solutions by a non-autonomous perturbation of an autonomous dynamical system. This has interesting consequences in terms of bifurcation diagrams, which are illustrated by a some numerical computations. …
In this paper we study the existence of solution for the following class of system of elliptic equations $$ \left\{ \begin{array}{lcl} -Δu=\left(a-\int_ΩK(x,y)f(u,v)dy\right)u+bv,\quad \mbox{in} \quad Ω -Δv=\left(d-\int_ΩΓ(x,y)g(u,v)dy\right)v+cu,\quad \mbox{in} \quad Ωu=v=0,\quad \mbox{on} \quad \partialΩ \end{array} \right. \eqno{(P)} $$ where $Ω\subset\R^N$ is a smooth bounded domain, $N\geq1$, and $K,Γ:Ω\timesΩ\rightarrow\R$ is a nonnegative function checking some hypotheses and $a,b,c,d\in\R$. The functions $f$ and $g$ satisfy some conditions which permit to use Bifurcation Theory to prov…
In this paper we study some nonlinear elliptic equations in $\R^n$ obtained as a perturbation of the problem with the fractional critical Sobolev exponent, that is $$ (-Δ)^s u = ε\,h\,u^q + u^p \ {in}\R^n,$$ where $s\in(0,1)$, $n>4s$, $ε>0$ is a small parameter, $p=\frac{n+2s}{n-2s}$, $0<q<p$ and $h$ is a continuous and compactly supported function. To construct solutions to this equation, we use the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction, that takes advantage of the variational structure of the problem. For this, the case $0<q<1$ is particularly difficult, due to the lack of regularity of the associated …
We numerically study solitary waves in the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. We detect pitchfork bifurcations of the fundamental solitary wave and compute eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the corresponding eigenvalue problems to determine the spectral stability of solitary waves born at the pitchfork bifurcations. Our numerical results demonstrate the theoretical ones which the authors obtained recently. We also compute generalized eigenfunctions associated with the zero eigenvalue for the bifurcated solitary wave exhibiting a saddle-node bifurcation, and show that it does not change i…
This work deals with the focusing Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation in one dimension with pure-power nonlinearity near cubic. We consider the spectrum of the linearized operator about the soliton solution. When the nonlinearity is exactly cubic, the linearized operator has resonances at the edges of the essential spectrum. We establish the degenerate bifurcation of these resonances to eigenvalues as the nonlinearity deviates from cubic. The leading-order expression for these eigenvalues is consistent with previous numerical computations.
In this paper, we shall establish a Dancer-type unilateral global bifurcation result for a class of quasilinear elliptic problems with sign-changing weight. Under some natural hypotheses on perturbation function, we show that $(μ_k^ν(p),0)$ is a bifurcation point of the above problems and there are two distinct unbounded continua, $(\mathcal{C}_{k}^ν)^+$ and $(\mathcal{C}_{k}^ν)^-$, consisting of the bifurcation branch $\mathcal{C}_{k}^ν$ from $(μ_k^ν(p), 0)$, where $μ_k^ν(p)$ is the $k$-th positive or negative eigenvalue of the linear problem corresponding to the above problems, $ν\in\{+,-\}$…
We study the one-dimensional Kirchhoff type equation $$ -(b + a\Vert u'\Vert^{2}) u''(x) = λu(x)^p, x \in I:= (-1,1), \enskip u(x) > 0, \enskip x\in I, \enskip u(\pm 1) = 0, $$ where $\Vert u'\Vert = \left(\int_I u'(x)^2 dx\right)^{1/2}$, $a > 0, b > 0, p> 0$ are given constants and $λ> 0$ is a bifurcation parameter. We establish the exact solution $u_λ(x)$ and complete shape of the bifurcation curves $λ= λ(ξ)$, where $ξ:= \Vert u_λ\Vert_\infty$. We also study the nonlinear eigenvalue problem $$ -\Vert u'\Vert^{p-1} u''(x) = μu(x)^p, x \in I, \enskip u(x) > 0, x\in I, \enskip u(\pm 1) = 0, $$ …
The purpose of this paper is twofold. First we study bifurcations of connected sets of critical orbits of some invariant functional from a given family of critical orbits. We use techniques of equivariant bifurcation theory to obtain a Rabinowitz type alternative for symmetric gradient operators. The second aim is to apply the abstract results to studying orbits of nonconstant solutions of a nonlinear Neumann problem.
We analyze global bifurcations along the family of radially symmetric vortices in the Gross--Pitaevskii equation with a symmetric harmonic potential and a chemical potential $μ$ under the steady rotation with frequency $Ω$. The families are constructed in the small-amplitude limit when the chemical potential $μ$ is close to an eigenvalue of the Schrödinger operator for a quantum harmonic oscillator. We show that for $Ω$ near $0$, the Hessian operator at the radially symmetric vortex of charge $m_{0}\in\mathbb{N}$ has $m_{0}(m_{0}+1)/2$ pairs of negative eigenvalues. When the parameter $Ω$ is i…
A codimension-three bifurcation, characterized by a pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues and a nonsemisimple double zero eigenvalue, arises in the study of a pair of weakly coupled nonlinear oscillators with Z_2 + Z_2 symmetry. The methodology is based on Arnold's ideas of versal deformations of matrices for the linear analysis, and Poincaré normal forms for the nonlinear analysis of the system. The stratified subvariety of primary bifurcations of codimensions one and two is identified in the parameter space. The analysis reveals different types of solutions in the state space, including equil…
Non-existence and uniqueness results are proved for several local and non-local supercritical bifurcation problems involving a semilinear elliptic equation depending on a parameter. The domain is star-shaped but no other symmetry assumption is required. Uniqueness holds when the bifurcation parameter is in a certain range. Our approach can be seen, in some cases, as an extension of non-existence results for non-trivial solutions. It is based on Rellich-Pohozaev type estimates. Semilinear elliptic equations naturally arise in many applications, for instance in astrophysics, hydrodynamics or the…
The purpose of this paper is to study properties of continua (closed connected sets) of nontrivial solutions of non-cooperative elliptic systems considered on geodesic balls in $S^n$. In particular, we have shown that if the geodesic ball is a hemisphere, then these continua are unbounded. It is also shown that the phenomenon of global symmetry-breaking bifurcation of such solutions occurs. Since the problem is variational and SO(n)-symmetric, we apply the techniques of equivariant bifurcation theory to prove the main results of this article. As the topological tool we use the degree theory fo…
