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arXiv 2010.04574q-bio.PEphysics.soc-ph
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新COVID-19波的风险--以及它如何取决于$R_0$、当前抗扰度水平和当前限制

The risk for a new COVID-19 wave -- and how it depends on $R_0$, the current immunity level and current restrictions

Tom Britton, Pieter Trapman, Frank Ball

摘要:

COVID-19疫情对世界不同地区的影响不同:部分地区仍处于第一波的上升期,其他地区在第一波之后正面临下降,而其他地区已开始出现第二波。一个地区目前的免疫水平$\hat i$与累计感染分数密切相关,这主要取决于两个因素:a)该地区COVID-19的初始潜在性(通常通过基本繁殖数$R_0$量化),以及b)采取预防措施的时间、数量和有效性。通过一个数学模型,包括异质性,由于年龄,社会活动和易感性,并允许随时间变化的预防措施,一个新的流行波的风险和它的倍增时间,以及它们如何依赖于$R_0$,$\hat i$和当前的预防措施的整体效果,进行了研究。重点在于量化预防未来爆发所需的预防措施$p_{Min}$的最小总体效果。第一个结果表明,当前免疫水平$\hat i$比通过接种疫苗获得免疫时发挥更大的影响作用。其次,通过比较具有不同$R_0$和$\hat i$的区域,表明与具有较高$R_0$但也具有较高$\hat i$的其它区域相比,具有较低$R_0$和低$\hat i$的区域现在可能需要较高的预防措施($p_{Min}$),即使当这样的免疫水平远离群体免疫时。

英文摘要:

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit different parts of the world differently: some regions are still in the rise of the first wave, other regions are now facing a decline after a first wave, and yet other regions have started to see a second wave. The current immunity level $\hat i$ in a region is closely related to the cumulative fraction infected, which primarily depends on two factors: a) the initial potential for COVID-19 in the region (often quantified by the basic reproduction number $R_0$), and b) the timing, amount and effectiveness of preventive measures put in place. By means of a mathematical model including heterogeneities owing to age, social activity and susceptibility, and allowing for time-varying preventive measures, the risk for a new epidemic wave and its doubling time, and how they depend on $R_0$, $\hat i$ and the overall effect of the current preventive measures, are investigated. Focus lies on quantifying the minimal overall effect of preventive measures $p_{Min}$ needed to prevent a future outbreak. The first result shows that the current immunity level $\hat i$ plays a more influential roll than when immunity is obtained from vaccination. Secondly, by comparing regions with different $R_0$ and $\hat i$ it is shown that regions with lower $R_0$ and low $\hat i$ may now need higher preventive measures ($p_{Min}$) compared with other regions having higher $R_0$ but also higher $\hat i$, even when such immunity levels are far from herd immunity.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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