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arXiv 2010.04040gr-qc
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后牛顿球对称吸积

Post-Newtonian Spherically Symmetrical Accretion

Gilberto M. Kremer, Leandro C. Mehret

摘要:

本文研究了后牛顿近似下修正对由多方方程描述的无限大气体云球对称吸积到大质量物体的影响,从球坐标系下的流体力学方程组出发,得到了对流速、声速和径向距离临界值的后牛顿修正。后牛顿近似吸积中的临界点与牛顿理论中的跨音速点不一致。得到了作为无量纲径向坐标函数的马赫数方程。认为质量体的声速与光速之比为$a_\infty/c=10^{-2}$量级。结果表明:在临界径向距离量级的径向距离上,牛顿吸积和后牛顿吸积的马赫数几乎相同,减小径向距离,牛顿吸积的马赫数大于后牛顿吸积的,减小比热比,马赫数增大,而当径向距离小于临界径向距离时,牛顿吸积的马赫数大于后牛顿吸积的马赫数。当比值$a_\infty/c\ll10^{-2}$不显著时,牛顿马赫数和后牛顿马赫数之间的差异。后牛顿伯努利方程中的修正项对径向距离的影响在最小值处更为明显,而$a_\infty/c>10^{-2}$的解在临界点处不会导致连续的流入和流出速度。与相对论性伯努利方程解的比较表明,前者的马赫数对径向距离的依赖性比后牛顿方程的大。

英文摘要:

The objetive of this work is to investigate the influence of the corrections to the spherical symmetrical accretion of an infinity gas cloud characterized by a polytropic equation into a massive object due to the post-Newtonian approximation.The post-Newtonian corrections to the critical values of the flow velocity, sound velocity and radial distance are obtained from the system of hydrodynamics equations in spherical coordinates. The critical point in the post-Newtonian approximation accretion does not correspond to the transonic point like in Newtonian theory. An equation for the Mach number was obtained as a function of a dimensionless radial coordinate. It was considered that the ratio of the sound velocity far the massive body and the speed of light was of order $a_\infty/c=10^{-2}$. The analysis of the solution led to following results: the Mach number for the Newtonian and post-Newtonian accretion have practically the same values for radial distances of order of the critical radial distance; by decreasing the radial distance the Mach number for the Newtonian accretion is bigger than the one for the post-Newtonian accretion; the Mach number increases by decreasing the ratio of the specific heats; the difference between the Newtonian and post-Newtonian Mach numbers when the ratio $a_\infty/c\ll10^{-2}$ is insignificant. The effect of the correction terms in post-Newtonian Bernoulli equation is more perceptive for the lowest values of the radial distance, and the solutions for $a_\infty/c>10^{-2}$ does not lead to a continuous inflow and outflow velocity at the critical point. A comparison of the solutions with those that follow from a relativistic Bernoulli equation shows that the dependence of the Mach number with the radial distance of the former is bigger than the post-Newtonian ones.

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