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arXiv 2009.06706physics.opticsphysics.class-ph
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电磁散射和衍射的经典理论述评

A Tutorial on the Classical Theories of Electromagnetic Scattering and Diffraction

Masud Mansuripur

摘要:

从麦克斯韦方程组出发,导出了惠更斯-菲涅耳-基尔霍夫和瑞利-索末菲标量衍射和散射理论的基本结果。然后将这些结果推广到矢量电磁场的情形。著名的索末菲解决问题的衍射从一个完美的半导体平面阐述。详细讨论了平面波在障碍物上的远场散射问题,导出了将障碍物的散射截面与其前向散射振幅联系起来的著名的光学截面定理。还检查的情况下,从温和的不均匀性内的散射,否则均匀的介质,其中,在第一玻恩近似,一个相当简单的公式被发现有关的远场散射振幅的主机介质的光学性质。本文最后讨论了中子在铁磁材料中的散射问题。

英文摘要:

Starting with Maxwell's equations, we derive the fundamental results of the Huygens-Fresnel-Kirchhoff and Rayleigh-Sommerfeld theories of scalar diffraction and scattering. These results are then extended to cover the case of vector electromagnetic fields. The famous Sommerfeld solution to the problem of diffraction from a perfectly conducting half-plane is elaborated. Far-field scattering of plane waves from obstacles is treated in some detail, and the well-known optical cross-section theorem, which relates the scattering cross-section of an obstacle to its forward scattering amplitude, is derived. Also examined is the case of scattering from mild inhomogeneities within an otherwise homogeneous medium, where, in the first Born approximation, a fairly simple formula is found to relate the far-field scattering amplitude to the host medium's optical properties. The related problem of neutron scattering from ferromagnetic materials is treated in the final section of the paper.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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