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arXiv 2301.03540physics.optics
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电磁场中的三维零点

3D Zeros in Electromagnetic Fields

Alex J. Vernon, Mark R. Dennis, Francisco J. Rodríguez-Fortuño

摘要:

我们提出了一个三维电磁场零点的研究,揭示其显着的特征,并提出了一个分类框架。这是光场中一般暗斑的一个特例,它将光的空间结构塑造成物质移动的、信息丰富的漩涡,逃脱了单分子成像的衍射极限,并可以捕获颗粒进行纳米级操作。传统的暗点在两个方面是二维的:局限于平面内,并具有非零的平面外场分量。我们专注于非傍轴场,三维暗点可以不稳定地存在于完全局部化的点上,在能量和动量的通量以及光的偏振纹理中留下独特的印记。通过这项工作,我们希望增强当前的暗点应用,或激发新的低维零不可能的应用。

英文摘要:

We present a study of 3D electromagnetic field zeros, uncovering their remarkable characteristic features and propose a classifying framework. These are a special case of general dark spots in optical fields, which sculpt light's spatial structure into matter-moving, information-rich vortices, escape the diffraction limit for single-molecule imaging, and can trap particles for nanoscale manipulation. Conventional dark spots are two-dimensional in two aspects: localised in a plane and having a non-zero out-of-plane field component. We focus on non-paraxial fields, where three-dimensional dark spots can exist non-stably at fully localised points, making distinct imprints in the flux of energy and momentum, and in the light's polarisation texture. With this work, we hope to enhance current dark spot applications, or inspire new ones impossible with lower-dimensional zeros.

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