电磁场的速度是多少?
What is the velocity of the electromagnetic field?
摘要:
提出了电磁场速度的新定义。速度取决于物理场。
英文摘要:
A new definition for the electromagnetic field velocity is proposed. The velocity depends on the physical fields.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。
What is the velocity of the electromagnetic field?
Wilhelm Fushchych
提出了电磁场速度的新定义。速度取决于物理场。
A new definition for the electromagnetic field velocity is proposed. The velocity depends on the physical fields.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。
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Phase and transport velocities in particle and electromagnetic beams
在非相互作用粒子的相干单能束中,相速度和粒子输运速度是位置的函数,其中最强的变化在焦点区域。这些速度在任何地方都是相互平行的,它们的乘积在空间中是常数。对于相干单色电磁束,能量传输速度永远不会大于光速,甚至可以为零。相速度(通常,电场和磁场的非零分量各一个)可以在方向和幅度上彼此不同并且与能量传输速度不同。对于粒子束和电磁束,在给定点的相速度与时间无关。粒子束的能量速度与时间无关,但通常在电磁束中的给定点处围绕其平均值在幅度和方向上振荡(角频率为2w)。然而,存在电磁稳定束流,其能流、能量密度和能量速度都与时间无关。
Negative group velocity and three-wave mixing in dielectric crystals
研究了Stokes电磁波光参量放大的特殊特性,这种特性源于两个负群速度的普通电磁波和一个负群速度的后向声子的三波混频。与负折射率等离子体超材料中的对应物的相似性和利用反向传播的普通电磁波以及电磁和声学声子波的差异被示出。它们源于负色散光学声子的落后性。非线性光学光子器件的性质类似于那些预测的负折射率超材料的建议。
On electromagnetics of an isotropic chiral medium moving at constant velocity
从同向运动观察者的角度来看是各向同性手征介质的介质从非同向运动观察者的角度来看是法拉第手征介质(FCM)。建立了该FCM的Tellegen本构关系。通过扩展Beltrami场的概念,利用这些本构关系表明,平面波传播的特点是由四个一般独立的波数。该FCM可以支持负相速度在某些平移速度和某些波矢,即使相应的各向同性手征介质不。本构关系和Beltrami-样字段也被用来开发一个方便的频谱表示的并矢格林函数的FCM。
Orthogonal-Phase-Velocity Propagation of Electromagnetic Plane Waves
在相对于惯性参考系简单运动的各向同性、均匀、无耗散的介电磁介质中,麦克斯韦旋度假设的平面波解可以是相速度和时间平均的坡印廷矢量相互正交的。因此,双相速度传播增加了传统的正相速度传播和最近发现的负相速度传播,这是与负折射现象。
Mutual orientation of the Poynting vector and the group velocity vector of electromagnetic waves in bigyrotropic medium
该研究从理论上证明双旋电介质中电磁波坡印廷矢量与群速度矢量共线,并指出该结论适用于介电常数和磁导率张量为厄米型或对称型的任意各向异性介质。
Arbitrary geometry electromagnetic spatiotemporal vortices from phase velocity shearing
本研究受流体涡旋形成机制启发,提出基于相速度剪切生成任意几何形状电磁时空涡旋的方法,通过3D打印结构在太赫兹频段完成实验验证,可推广至可见光、红外频段,能实现复杂涡旋重连等现象。
Positive-, negative-, and orthogonal-phase-velocity propagation of electromagnetic plane waves in a simply moving medium
平面波在简单运动的电介质-磁介质中的传播分为三种不同的类别:正相速度、负相速度和正交相速度(PPV、NPV和OPV)。从位于非同向运动参考系中的观察者的角度进行的计算表明,平面波传播的性质是PPV还是NPV(或者在非耗散介质的情况下是OPV)强烈地取决于观察者相对于介质的速度的大小和方向。PPV传播的特征在于正的实波数,NPV传播的特征在于负的实波数。OPV的传播只发生在非耗散介质中,而弱耗散介质几乎可以支持OPV的传播。
The intensity peak of a "flying focus" travels at a programmable velocity over many Rayleigh ranges while maintaining a near-constant profile. Assessing the extent to which these features can enhance laser-based applications requires an accurate description of the electromagnetic fields. Here we present exact analytical solutions to Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic fields of a constant-velocity flying focus, generalized for arbitrary polarization and orbital angular momentum. The approach combines the complex source-point method, which transforms multipole solutions into beam-like s…
The Abraham momentum of electromagnetic field represents the decomposition property into real-valued orbital and spin contributions. However, we found that the orbital and spin momenta of evanescent electromagnetic fields are inherently complex. Consequently, the decomposition of Abraham momentum was reexamined and the exact expressions of orbital and spin momenta were obtained, which are applicable to both propagating and evanescent electromagnetic fields. Furthermore, we also justified the newly-derived decomposition of Abraham momentum for lossy media, which was further demonstrated by a co…
Humans will launch spacecraft that travel at an appreciable fraction of the speed of light. Spacecraft traffic will be tracked by radar. Scattering of pulsed electromagnetic fields by an object in uniform translational motion at relativistic speed may be computed using the frame-hopping technique. Pulse scattering depends strongly on the velocity, shape, orientation, and composition of the object. The peak magnitude of the backscattered signal varies by many orders of magnitude depending on whether the object is advancing toward or receding away from the source of the interrogating signal. The…
Electromagnetic inertia, reactive energy, and energy flow velocity
在最近一篇题为“相干电磁波及其扭曲零同余”的论文中,我定义了电磁场的局部惯性密度(I)、无功能量密度(R)和能流速度(v)。这些是相对论粒子的质量、静止能量和速度的场等价物。因此R和I是洛伦兹不变的,并且|v| <=c,当且仅当R=0时相等。具有|v| =c的特殊场被称为“相干的”,因为它们的能量与场完全协调地运动,没有留下惯性或反应能量。一般的电磁场只有在远区才变得相干。在其他地方,它们的能量以|v| <c的速度流动。本文的目的是通过研究几种常见系统中的局部能量流来证实和澄清这一说法:时谐电偶极子场,含时电偶极子场和平面驻波。对于这些场,能流(坡印廷矢量)太弱而不能带走所有的能量,因此在其尾流中留下无功能量。对于含时偶极场,我们发现能量既可以横向流动,也可以向内流动,回到源。这些现象都没有出现在通常的能量传输速度的计算中,在时间谐波的情况下,只考虑一个周期的平均值。
The Mass and Velocity of Light from Energy and Momentum Conservation
本文从电磁场守恒量推导光的质量与速度定义,证明光速以相速度为上界,并推广爱因斯坦质能关系至介质,得出近零折射率材料中电磁场始终无质量的结论。
An analytical discontinuity is reported in what was thought to be the discontinuity-free exact nonparaxial vortex beam phasor obtained within the complex source/sink model. This discontinuity appears for all odd values of the orbital angular momentum mode. Such discontinuities in the phasor lead to nonphysical discontinuities in the real electromagnetic field components. We identify the source of the discontinuities, and provide graphical evidence of the discontinuous real electric fields for the first and third orbital angular momentum modes. A simple means of avoiding these discontinuities i…
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