arXiv 2009.052012020-09-11astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-ph

Blazar TXS 0506+056中微子发射对超光速中微子速度和洛伦兹不变性的限制破坏

Limiting Superluminal Neutrino Velocity and Lorentz Invariance Violation by Neutrino Emission from the Blazar TXS 0506+056

Kai Wang, Shao-Qiang Xi, Lijing Shao, Ruo-Yu Liu, Zhuo Li, Zhong-Kai Zhang

备注：: 4 pages, 1 table, accepted by Phys. Rev. D
发表信息：: Phys. Rev. D 102 (2020) 063027
DOI：: 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.063027

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摘要：

与耀变体TXS0506 +056同时发现的高能中微子为检验中微子扇区中的洛伦兹不变性破坏（LIV）提供了一个独特的机会。由于精确测量的红移，即，$z=0.3365$，确定了中微子源的同向运动距离。本文考虑超光速中微子在传播过程中的能量损失，得到并讨论了超光速中微子速度$δ_ν$和LIV的约束条件。给定超光速电子速度（$δ_e \ge 0$），可以达到对超光速中微子速度的非常严格的约束，即，$δ_ν\lesssim 1.3\times 10^{-18}$，对应于线性（二次）LIV的量子引力（QG）标度$M_{\rm QG,1} \gtrsim 5.7 \times 10^{3} M_{\rm Pl}$和$M_{\rm QG,2} \gtrsim 9.3 \times 10^{-6} M_{\rm Pl}$，与SN 1987 A MeV中微子的飞行时间约束相比，线性LIV的$\sim 12$和二次LIV的$\sim 9$分别紧了$\sim 12$和$\sim 9$。当给定亚光速的电子速度时，得到了对超光速中微子速度的较弱约束，即，$δ_ν\lesssim 8 \times 10^{-17}$，这与前人工作的结论是一致的。我们还研究了由于中微子在传播过程中谱形的畸变而引起的中微子探测概率，它给出的约束比上面的约束弱$\sim2$倍。

英文摘要：

The detection of high-energy neutrino coincident with the blazar TXS 0506+056 provides a unique opportunity to test Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) in the neutrino sector. Thanks to the precisely measured redshift, i.e., $z=0.3365$, the comoving distance of the neutrino source is determined. In this work, we obtain and discuss the constraints on the superluminal neutrino velocity $δ_ν$ and the LIV by considering the energy loss of superluminal neutrino during propagation. Given superluminal electron velocity ($δ_e \ge 0$), a very stringent constraint on superluminal neutrino velocity can be reached, i.e., $δ_ν\lesssim 1.3\times 10^{-18}$, corresponding to the quantum gravity (QG) scale $M_{\rm QG,1} \gtrsim 5.7 \times 10^{3} M_{\rm Pl}$ and $M_{\rm QG,2} \gtrsim 9.3 \times 10^{-6} M_{\rm Pl}$ for linear (quadratic) LIV, which are $\sim 12$ orders of magnitude tighter for linear LIV and $\sim 9$ orders tighter for quadratic LIV compared to the time-of-flight constraint from MeV neutrinos of SN 1987A. While given the subluminal electron velocity, a weaker constraint on the superluminal neutrino velocity is obtained, i.e., $δ_ν\lesssim 8 \times 10^{-17}$, which is consistent with the conclusions of previous works. We also study the neutrino detection probability due to the distortion of neutrino spectral shape during propagation, which gives slightly weaker constraints than above by a factor of $\sim2$.

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