Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication in the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), an infrastructure-free mechanism, has emerged as a crucial component in the advanced Intelligent Transport System (ITS) for special information transmission and inter-vehicular communications. One of the main research challenges in VANET is the design and implementation of network routing protocols which manage to trigger V2X communication with the reliable end-to-end connectivity and efficient packet transmission. The organically changing nature of road transport vehicles poses a significant threat to VANET with respect to the accuracy and reliability of packet delivery. Therefore, a position-based routing protocol tends to be the predominant method in VANET as they overcome rapid changes in vehicle movements effectively. However, existing routing protocols have some limitations such as (i) inaccurate in high dynamic network topology, (ii) defective link-state estimation (iii) poor movement prediction in heterogeneous road layouts. In this paper, a target-driven and mobility prediction (TDMP) based routing protocol is therefore developed for high-speed mobility and dynamic topology of vehicles, fluctuant traffic flow and diverse road layouts in VANET. The primary idea in TDMP is that the destination target of a driver is included in the mobility prediction to assist the implementation of the routing protocol. Compared to existing geographic routing protocols which mainly greedily forward the packet to the next-hop based on its current position and partial road layout, TDMP is developed to enhance the packet transmission with the consideration of the estimation of inter-vehicles link status, and the prediction of vehicle positions dynamically in fluctuant mobility and global road layout.
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks which provides a distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS). The survey of routing protocols in VANET is important and necessary for smart ITS. This paper discusses the advantages / disadvantages and the applications of various routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks. It explores the motivation behind the designed, and traces the evolution of these routing protocols. F inally the paper concludes by a tabular comparison of the various routing protocols for VANET.
In this paper we have addressed a very important issue of Traffic Management.Our proposed approach provides assistance in traffic routing by integrating VANET and Grid Computing
VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is a new technology which has taken enormous attention in the recent years. Due to rapid topology changing and frequent disconnection makes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data among vehicles, called V2V or vehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to road side infrastructure, called V2I. The existing routing protocols for VANET are not efficient to meet every traffic scenarios. Thus design of an efficient routing protocol has taken significant attention. So, it is very necessary to identify the pros and cons of routing proto…
Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a special class of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) where vehicles are considered as MANET nodes with wireless links. The key difference of VANET and MANET is the special mobility pattern and rapidly changeable topology. There has been significant interest in improving safety and traffic efficiency using VANET. The design of routing protocols in VANET is important and necessary issue for support the smart ITS. Existing routing protocols of MANET are not suitable for VANET. AOMDV is the most important on demand multipath routing protocol. This paper proposes SSD…
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) allow vehicles to form a self-organized network without any fixed infrastructure. VANETs have received wide attention and numerous research issues have been identified in the recent time. The design and implementation of efficient and scalable routing protocols for VANETs is a challenging task due to high dynamics and mobility constraints. In this paper, we have proposed D-LAR (Directional-Location Aided Routing), is an extension of Location Aided Routing (LAR) with Directional Routing (DIR) capability. D-LAR is a greedy approach based-position based routing …
This paper presents a framework for node distribution with respect to density, network connectivity and communication time. Using NS2, we evaluate and compare performance of three routing protocols; Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Fisheye State Routing (FSR) both in MANETs (IEEE 802.11) and VANETs (IEEE 802.11p). We further enhanced these protocols by changing their routing information exchange intervals; MOD AODV, MOD DSR and MOD FSR. A comprehensive simulation work is performed for the comparison of these routing protocols for varying motilities and …
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a type of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) that facilitates communication among vehicles. VANET provides inter-vehicular communications to serve for the application like road traffic safety and traffic efficiency. Infotainment service has been an anticipating trend in VANETs, and video streaming has a high potential in VANET. Although, this emerging technology is trending, there are still some issues like QoS provisions, decentralized medium access control, node coverage area, and finding and maintaining routes due to highly dynamic topology. These issues make …
With the rising interest of expedient, safe, and high-efficient transportation, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have turned into a critical technology in smart transportation systems. Because of the high mobility of nodes, VANETs are vulnerable to security attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel framework of software-defined VANETs with trust management. Specifically, we separate the forwarding plane in VANETs from the control plane, which is responsible for the control functionality, such as routing protocols and trust management in VANETs. Using the on-demand distance vector routing (T…
In this paper, we design and implement a reliable broadcast algorithm over a VANET for supporting multi-hop forwarding of vehicle sensor and control packets that will enable vehicles to platoon with each other in order to form a road train behind the lead truck. In particular, we use multipoint relays (MPRs) for packet transmission, which leads to more efficient communication in a VANET. We evaluate the performance based on simulation by running a platooning simulation application program, and show that with MPRs, the communication in the VANET to form a road train is more efficient and reliab…
In this paper, a framework is presented for node distribution with respect to density, network connectivity and communication time. According to modeled framework we evaluate and compare the performance of three routing protocols; Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Fisheye State Routing (FSR) in MANETs and VANETs using two Mac-layer protocols; 802.11 and 802.11p. We have further modified these protocols by changing their routing information exchange intervals; MOD AODV, MOD DSR and MOD FSR. A comprehensive simulation work is performed in NS-2 for the comp…
One of the main issues in Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) is providing a reliable and efficient routing in urban scenarios with regard to the high vehicle mobility and presence of radio obstacle. In this paper, we propose a Position-Based routing protocol using Learning Automata (PBLA). In addition, PBLA uses the traffic information for enhancing learning. As we know, a main characteristic of learning is increasing performance over time. We exploit this characteristic to decreasing use of traffic information. Initially, PBLA make effort to finding best and shortest path to mobile destinatio…
Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a new sort of wireless ad-hoc network. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication is one of the main communication paradigms that provide a level of safety and convenience to drivers and passengers on the road. In such an environment, routing data packets is challenging due to frequent changes of network topology because of the highly dynamic nature of vehicles. Thus, routing in VANETs requires efficient protocols that guarantee message transmission among vehicles. Numerous routing protocols and algorithms have been proposed or enhanced to solve the aforemention…
In VANET high speed is the real characteristics which leads to frequent breakdown, interference etc. Therefore Performance of adhoc routing protocols is helpful to improve the Quality of Service (QOS). In this paper we studied various adhoc routing protocols, Reactive, Proactive & Hybrid, taking in to consideration parameters like speed, altitude, mobility etc in real VANET scenario. The AODV and DYMO (Reactive), OLSR (Proactive) and ZRP (hybrid) protocols are compared for IEEE 802.11(MAC) and IEEE 802.11(DCF) standard using Qualnet as a Simulation tool. Since IEEE 802.11, covers both physical…
In the Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), due to the high mobility of vehicles, the network parameters change frequently and the information which the sender maintains may outdate when it wants to transmit data packet to the receiver, so for improving the routing effective, we propose the probability prediction based reliable (PRO) opportunistic routing for VANETs. The PRO routing algorithm can predict the variation of Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and packet queue length (PQL) in the receiver. The prediction results are used to determine the utility of each relaying vehicle …
This paper presents the link availability probability. We evaluate and compare the link availability probability for routing protocols; Ad hoc On-demand Distance vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Fisheye State Routing (FSR) for different number of connections and node density. A novel contribution of this work is enhancement in existing parameters of routing protocols; AODV, DSR and FSR as MOD-AODV, MOD-DSR and MOD-FSR. From the results, we observe that MOD-DSR and DSR outperform MOD-AODV, AODV, MODOLSR and OLSR in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average End-to End Delay (A…
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are characterized by intermittent connectivity, which leads to failures of end-to-end paths between nodes. Named Data Networking (NDN) is a network paradigm that deals with such problems, since information is forwarded based on content and not on the location of the hosts. In this work, we propose an enhanced routing protocol of our previous topology-oblivious Multihop, Multipath, and Multichannel NDN for VANETs (MMM-VNDN) routing strategy that exploits several paths to achieve more efficient content retrieval. Our new enhanced protocol, i mproved MMM-VNDN (i…
We present comparative analysis of MANET (Mobile Ad-Hoc Network) and VANET (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network) routing protocols, in this paper. The analysis is based on various design factors. The traditional routing protocols of AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), and DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector) of MANET are utilizing node centric routing which leads to frequent breaking of routes, causing instability in routing. Usage of these protocols in high mobility environment like VANET may eventually cause many packets to drop. Route repairs and failures not…
Vehicular adhoc network or VANET is special types of adhoc network consists of moving cars referred to as nodes; provide a way to exchange any information between cars without depending on fixed infrastructure. For efficient communication between nodes various routing protocols and mobility models have been proposed based on different scenarios. Due to rapid topology changing and frequent disconnection makes it difficult to select suitable mobility model and routing protocols. Hence performance evaluation and comparison between routing protocols is required to understand any routing protocol a…
Now-a-days vehicles are one of the most important parts of our life. We need them to cross distances in our everyday life. In this paper we discuss Vehicular AdHoc Network (VANET) technology that can ensure the maintenance of traffic rules and regulation. By applying this technology we can save life, save time, corruption, vehicle security, avoid collision and so on. Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a part of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Every node or vehicle can move freely and they will communicate each other by wireless technology in coverage. The main goal of this research is to study…
In this paper, a framework for experimental parameters in which Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), effect of link duration over End-to-End Delay (E2ED) and Normalized Routing Overhead (NRO) in terms of control packets is analyzed and modeled for Mobile Ad-Hoc NETworks (MANETs) and Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETworks (VANETs) with the assumption that nodes (vehicles) are sparsely moving in two different road. Moreover, this paper contributes the performance comparison of one Proactive Routing Protocol; Destination Sequenced Distance vector (DSDV) and two reactive protocols; DYnamic Source Routing (DSR) and DYn…
Clustering is a technique used in network routing to enhance the performance and conserve the network resources. This paper presents a cluster-based routing protocol for VANET utilizing a new addressing scheme in which each node gets an address according to its mobility pattern. Hamming distance technique is used then to partition the network in an address-centric manner. The simulation results show that this protocol enhances routing reachability, whereas reduces routing end-to-end delay and traffic received comparing with two benchmarks namely AODV and DSDV.
Frequent topological changes due to high mobility is one of the main issues in Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs). In this paper, we model transmission probabilities of 802.11p for VANETs and effect of these probabilities on average transmission time. To evaluate the effect of these probabilities of VANETs in routing protocols, we select Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Fish-eye State Routing (FSR) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR). Framework of these protocols with respect to their packet cost is also presented in this work. A novel contribution of this work is enhancement of chosen protoc…
Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is subclass of mobile ad-hoc network which is vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication environment, where nodes involve themselves as servers and/or clients to exchange and share information. VANET have some unique characteristics like high dynamic topology, frequent disconnections, restricted topology etc, so it need special class of routing protocol. To simulate the VANET scenarios we require two types of simulators, traffic simulator for generating traffic and network simulator. In this project I created a sample scenario of VANET for A…
VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is a new technology which has taken enormous attention in the recent years. Vehicular ad hoc network is formed by cars which are called nodes; allow them to communicate with one another without using any fixed road side unit. It has some unique characteristics which make it different from other ad hoc network as well as difficult to define any exact mobility model and routing protocols because of their high mobility and changing mobility pattern. Hence performance of routing protocols can vary with the various parameters such as speed, pause time, node density …
Cognitive radio technology offers an important function in the efficient utilization of the radio spectrum. Besides, it is expected that CR-enabled vehicular ad-hoc networks (CR-VANETs) enrich the communication performance of the existing vehicular networks (VANETs). However, to ensure efficient performance in a multi-hop communication, the routing protocol in CR-VANETs needs to consider the autonomous mobility of the vehicles as well as the stochastic availability of the channels. Hence, this paper introduces a spectrum-aware mobility pattern based reactive routing protocol for CR-VANET. The …
Routing of messages in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is challenging due to obstacle shadowing regions with high vehicle densities, which leads to frequent disconnection problems and blocks radio wave propagation between vehicles. Previous researchers used multi-hop, vehicular cloud or roadside infrastructures to solve the routing issue among the vehicles, but they suffer from significant packet delays and frequent packet losses arising from obstacle shadowing. We proposed a vehicular cloud based hybrid technique called Hybrid-Vehcloud to disseminate messages in obstacle shadowing regions,…
In VANET high speed is the real characteristics which leads frequent breakdown, interference etc. In this paper we studied various Ad hoc routing protocols, Reactive, Proactive & Hybrid, taking into consideration various VANET parameters like speed, altitude etc in real traffic scenario and evaluated them for various battery models for energy conservation.. The AODV and DYMO (Reactive), OLSR (Proactive) and ZRP (hybrid) protocols are compared for battery models Duracell AA(MX- 1500),Duracell AAA(MN-2400),Duracell AAA(MX-2400), Duracell C-MN(MN-1400),Panasonic AA standard using Qualnet as a Sim…
Broadcast routing has become an important research field for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) recently. However, the packet delivery rate is generally low in existing VANET broadcast routing protocols. Therefore, the design of an appropriate broadcast protocol based on the features of VANET has become a crucial part of the development of VANET. This paper analyzes the disadvantage of existing broadcast routing protocols in VANETs, and proposes an improved algorithm (namely ODAM-C) based on the ODAM (Optimized Dissemination of Alarm Messages) protocol. The ODAM-C algorithm improves the packet…
Vehicular ad hoc network is formed by cars which are called nodes; allow them to communicate with one another without using any fixed road side unit. It has some unique characteristics which make it different from other ad hoc network as well as difficult to define any exact mobility model and routing protocols because of their high mobility and changing mobility pattern. Hence performance of routing protocols can vary with the various parameters such as speed, pause time, node density and traffic scenarios. In this research paper, the performance of two on-demand routing protocols AODV & DSR …
A Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a collection of wireless vehicle nodes forming a temporary network without using any centralized Road Side Unit (RSU). VANET protocols have to face high challenges due to dynamically changing topologies and symmetric links of networks. A suitable and effective routing mechanism helps to extend the successful deployment of vehicular ad-hoc networks. An attempt has been made to compare the performance of two On-demand reactive routing protocols namely AODV and DSR which works on gateway discovery algorithms and a geographical routing protocol namely GPSR whi…
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are characterized by frequent routing path failures due to the high mobility caused by the sudden changes of the direction of vehicles. The routing paths between two different vehicles should be established with this challenge in mind. Stability and connectedness are a mandatory condition to ensure a robust and reliable data delivery. The idea behind this work is to exploit a new reactive routing technique to provide regulated and well-connected routing paths. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or what are referred to as drones can be both involved in the discov…
Routing in VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks) is a challenging task due to large network sizes, rapidly changing topology and frequent network disconnections. State-of-the-art routing protocols tried to address these specific problems especially in city environments (vehicles constrained by road geometry, signal transmissions blocked by obstacles, degree of congestion in roads etc). It was noticed that in city scenarios codirectional roads consist of a collection of disconnected clusters because of traffic control strategies (e.g., RSU (Road Side Units), stop signs and traffic lights). In this…
In the performance evaluation of a protocol for a vehicular ad hoc network, the protocol should be tested under a realistic conditions including, representative data traffic models, and realistic movements of the mobile nodes which are the vehicles (i.e., a mobility model). This work is a comparative study between two mobility models that are used in the simulations of vehicular networks, i.e., MOVE (MObility model generator for VEhicular networks) and CityMob, a mobility pattern generator for VANET. We describe several mobility models for VANET simulations. In this paper we aim to show that t…
VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) are highly mobile wireless ad hoc networks and will play an important role in public safety communications and commercial applications. Routing of data in VANETs is a challenging task due to rapidly changing topology and high speed mobility of vehicles. Conventional routing protocols in MANETs (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) are unable to fully address the unique characteristics in vehicular networks. In this paper, we propose EBGR (Edge Node Based Greedy Routing), a reliable greedy position based routing approach to forward packets to the node present in the edge o…
Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) comprise on wireless mobile nodes that are communicating with each other without any infrastructure. Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET) is a special type of MANETs in which vehicles with high mobility need to communicate with each other. In this paper, we present a novel framework for link availability of paths for static as well as dynamic networks. Moreover, we evaluate our frame work for routing protocols performance with different number of nodes in MANETs and in VANETs. We select three routing protocols namely Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Fish-eye…
An ad hoc network of vehicles (VANET) consists of vehicles that exchange information via radio in order to improve road safety, traffic management and do better distribution of traffic load in time and space. Along with this it allows Internet access for passengers and users of vehicles. A significant characteristic while studying VANETs is the requirement of having a mobility model that gives aspects of real vehicular traffic. These scenarios play an important role in performance of VANETs. In our paper we have demonstration and description of generating realistic mobility model using various…
VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) are highly mobile wireless ad hoc networks and will play an important role in public safety communications and commercial applications. Routing of data in VANETs is a challenging task due to rapidly changing topology and high speed mobility of vehicles. Position based routing protocols are becoming popular due to advancement and availability of GPS devices. One of the critical issues of VANETs are frequent path disruptions caused by high speed mobility of vehicle that leads to broken links which results in low throughput and high overhead . This paper argues …
This paper proposes a hybrid architecture, namely VMaSC-LTE, combining IEEE 802.11p based multi-hop clustering and the fourth generation cellular system, Long Term Evolution (LTE), with the goal of achieving high data packet delivery ratio and low delay while keeping the usage of the cellular architecture at the minimum level. In VMaSC-LTE, vehicles are clustered based on a novel approach named VMaSC: Vehicular Multi-hop algorithm for Stable Clustering. From the clustered topology, elected cluster heads operate as dual-interface nodes with the functionality of IEEE 802.11p and LTE interface to…
Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is a derived subclass of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) with vehicles as mobile nodes. VANET facilitate vehicles to share safety and non-safety information through messages. Safety information includes road accidents, natural hazards, roadblocks, etc. Non-safety information includes tolling information, traveler information, etc. The main goal behind sharing this information is to enhance road safety and reduce road accidents by alerting the driver about the unexpected hazards. However, routing of messages in VANET is challenging due to packet delays arising f…
Developing routing protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a significant challenge in these large, self- organized and distributed networks. We address this challenge by studying VANETs from a network science perspective to develop solutions that act locally but influence the network performance globally. More specifically, we look at snapshots from highway and urban VANETs of different sizes and vehicle densities, and study parameters such as the node degree distribution, the clustering coefficient and the average shortest path length, in order to better understand the networks' s…
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network has attracted both research and industrial community due to its benefits in facilitating human life and enhancing the security and comfort. However, various issues have been faced in such networks such as information security, routing reliability, dynamic high mobility of vehicles, that influence the stability of communication. To overcome this issue, it is necessary to increase the routing protocols performances, by keeping only the stable path during the communication. The effective solutions that have been investigated in the literature are based on the link predict…
TRUAV: Distributed Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Trajectory Planning and Routing Enhancement in UAV-Aided IoT-Enabled VANETs
Hangzhou International Innovation Institute of Beihang University（北京航空航天大学杭州国际创新研究院）；School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering at Beihang University（北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院）；State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Technology（智能制造系统技术国家重点实验室）；School of Transportation, Southeast University（东南大学交通学院）；Digital Health Research Center, Haihe Lab of ITAI（海河信息技术与人工智能实验室数字健康研究中心）；School of Cyber Science, Nankai University（南开大学网络空间科学学院）；China-SCO Digital Intelligence Applications (DIA) Joint Laboratory（中国-上海合作组织数字智能应用联合实验室）；College of Engineering, Abu Dhabi University（阿布扎比大学工程学院）；Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Nisantasi University（尼桑塔西大学工程与建筑学院）；School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology（广东工业大学信息工程学院）
An optimized broadcast protocol is proposed for VANETs. It is based on two key information: the direction to the destination and the beamforming angle θ. The efficiency of this technique is demonstrated in terms of packet delivery, bandwidth gain and probability of transmission success. An analytical model is developed to calculate the transmission area. This model allows capturing the propagation shape of the forwarding area. Comparisons with simulations show that the analytical model is precise.
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) is the backbone of transportation services in smart cities. ITSs produce better-informed decisions using real-time data gathered from connected vehicles. In ITSs, Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a communication infrastructure responsible for exchanging data between vehicles and Traffic Management Centers (TMC). VANET performance (packet delay and drop rate) can affect the performance of ITS applications. Furthermore, the distribution of communicating vehicles affects the VANET performance. So, capturing this mutual impact between communication and …
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) has emerged as a promising solution for enhancing road safety. Routing of messages in VANET is challenging due to packet delays arising from high mobility of vehicles, frequently changing topology, and high density of vehicles, leading to frequent route breakages and packet losses. Previous researchers have used either mobility in vehicular fog computing or cloud computing to solve the routing issue, but they suffer from large packet delays and frequent packet losses. We propose Dynamic Fog for Connected Vehicles (DFCV), a fog computing based scheme which dynam…
Road traffic jams is a most important problem in nearly all cities around the world, especially in developing regions resulting in enormous delays, increased fuel wastage and monetary losses. In this paper, we have obtained an in-sight idea of simulating real world scenario of a critical region where traffic congestion is very high. As it is not easy to set up and implement such a complicated system in real world before knowing the impact of all parameters used in Vehicle Ad hoc Network (VANET), a small real world area i.e. Jamshedpur Regal area was taken into consideration, for studying the i…
In a Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), the amount of interference from neighboring nodes to a communication link is governed by the vehicle density dynamics in vicinity and transmission probabilities of terminals. It is obvious that vehicles are distributed non-homogeneously along a road segment due to traffic controls and speed limits at different portions of the road. The common assumption of homogeneous node distribution in the network in most of the previous work in mobile ad-hoc networks thus appears to be inappropriate in VANETs. In light of the inadequacy, we present in this paper an or…
Urban Traffic Management (UTM) topics have been tackled since long time, mainly by civil engineers and by city planners. The introduction of new communication technologies - such as cellular systems, satellite positioning systems and inter-vehicle communications - has significantly changed the way researchers deal with UTM issues. In this survey, we provide a review and a classification of how UTM has been addressed in the literature. We start from the recent achievements of "classical" approaches to urban traffic estimation and optimization, including methods based on the analysis of data col…
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is one of the promising wireless networking approaches where a group of wireless devices can establish communication among themselves without any infrastructure. MANET has successfully been implemented in the emergency communication, battlefield and Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) etc. Recently, MANET has also been studied to establish village level off-the-grid telephony system using mobile phones (smartphones). As the mobile phones and other modern electronic devices are increasingly equipped with efficient wireless Wi-Fi devices, phone based MANET implementati…
Vehicular safety applications intended for VANETs. It can be separated by inter-vehicle communication. It is needed for a vehicle can travel safety with high velocity and must interconnect quickly dependably. In this work, examined the impact of the IDM-IM and IDM-LC mobility model on AODV, AOMDV, DSDV and OLSR routing protocol using Nakagami propagation model and IEEE 802.11p MAC protocol in a particular urban scenario of Dhaka city. The periodic broadcast (PBC) agent is employed to transmit messages between vehicles in case of emergency or collision avoidance for vehicular safety communicati…
In this paper, we present path loss model for VANETs and simulate three routing protocols; Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) to evaluate and compare their performance using NS-2. The main contribution of this work is enhancement of existing techniques to achieve high efficiency of the underlying networks. After extensive simulations in NS-2, we conclude that DSDV best performs with 802.11p while DYMO gives outstanding performance with 802.11.
Reducing the response time of Emergency Vehicles (EVs) has an undoubted advantage in saving life and property. Implementing pre-emption can aid in achieving it. EVs get unobstructed movement via pre-emption, usually by altering traffic signals and giving a green wave throughout the route. This approach of absolute pre-emption effects adversely on regular traffic by imposing unnecessary waiting. In this paper, we propose a novel emergency vehicle pre-emption (EVP) algorithm implemented in the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) that can reduce the imposed undesirable waiting time, but still ascert…
This paper presents path loss model along with framework for probability distribution function for VANETs. Furthermore, we simulate three routing protocols Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) in NS-2 to evaluate and compare their performance using two Mac-layer Protocols 802.11 and 802.11p. A novel approach of this work is modifications in existing parameters to achieve high efficiency. After extensive simulations, we observe that DSDV out performs with 802.11p while DYMO gives best performance with 802.11.
