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arXiv 2009.01247hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exhep-th
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$\textit{SU}(2)_L$规范不变性对Lorentz破坏约束的意义

Implications of $\textit{SU}(2)_L$ gauge invariance for constraints on Lorentz violation

Andreas Crivellin, Fiona Kirk, Marco Schreck

摘要:

洛仑兹不变性是量子场论的基本组成部分之一,对它的破坏受到严格的实验约束。因此,洛伦兹破坏(LV)的可能性通常是在非常高的能量尺度下实现的,导致在实验中对它的强烈抑制(通过新尺度)。标准模型扩展(SME)以独立于模型的方式对LV进行参数化,并遵守$SU(2)_L$规范不变性。这意味着,例如,中微子和带电轻子区是相互联系的。因此,一方面,中微子性质的任何改变都会同时对带电轻子产生影响,这就是为什么中微子的非对角LV的严格限制意味着带电轻子的改变有了新的界限。另一方面,左手带电轻子的LV意味着中微子的LV。由于LV修改的带电轻子部门,在一般情况下,甚至更约束的味道对角中微子部门的影响,我们得到新的紧边界LV在后者。随后,我们采用相同的方法来分析的中微子(由IceCube检测)和光子的飞行时间数据从伽马射线暴的差异已被观察到。我们的发现是,中微子和光子事件之间的到达时间差的dim-5运营商在中微子部门的解释将导致不可接受的大LV效应在带电轻子部门。

英文摘要:

Lorentz invariance is one of the basic ingredients of quantum field theories and violations of it are stringently constrained experimentally. Therefore, the possibility of Lorentz violation (LV) is usually realized at very high energy scales, resulting in a strong suppression of it (by the new scale) in experiments. The Standard-Model Extension (SME) parameterizes LV in a model-independent way, respecting $SU(2)_L$ gauge invariance. This means, e.g., that the neutrino and charged-lepton sectors are linked to each other. Hence, on the one hand, any modification of neutrino properties simultaneously gives rise to effects for charged leptons, which is why the tight limits on flavour-off-diagonal LV for neutrinos imply new bounds on modifications of charged leptons. On the other hand, LV for left-handed charged leptons implies LV for neutrinos. Since LV modifications of the charged-lepton sector are, in general, even more constraining than effects in the flavour-diagonal neutrino sector, we obtain novel tight bounds on LV in the latter. Subsequently, we apply the same approach to an analysis of time-of-flight data for neutrinos (detected by IceCube) and photons from gamma ray bursts where discrepancies have been observed. Our finding is that an explanation of the arrival time difference between neutrino and photon events by dim-5 operators in the neutrino sector would lead to unacceptably large LV effects in the charged-lepton sector.

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