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arXiv 2008.10735astro-ph.SR
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根据地面光度观测模拟太阳辐照度

Modelling solar irradiance from ground-based photometric observations

Theodosios Chatzistergos, Ilaria Ermolli, Fabrizio Giorgi, Natalie A. Krivova, Cosmin Constantin Puiu

摘要:

自1978年以来一直从空间监测太阳总辐照度。测量结果显示,太阳活动周期的相位存在显著的变化,时间尺度上的波动也短于几天。然而,测量是由多个通常相对短暂的任务完成的,这使得TSI可能的长期趋势非常不确定。虽然紫外线辐照度的变化显然与太阳活动周期同相,但可见光范围内的变化阶段一直存在争议。在本文中,我们的目的是得到一个洞察到TSI的长期趋势,自1996年以来的太阳辐照度的变化在光谱的可见光部分的相位。利用罗马天文台和圣费尔南多天文台1996年以来的Ca~II~K和连续统的独立地基全圆盘光度观测资料计算了TSI。我们遵循基于光度和指数的经验圣费尔南多方法。我们发现,在1996年至2008年的活动最小值之间,TSI呈微弱下降趋势,为-7.8 $^{+4.9}_{-0.8}\times10^{-3}$ Wm $^{-2}$ y $^{-1}$,而在2008年至2019年之间,重建的TSI未显示出略微下降(但统计学上不显著)的趋势,为-0.1 $^{+0.25}_{-0.02}\times10^{-3}$ Wm $^{-2}$ y $^{-1}$。用于重建的参考TSI系列不会显著影响所确定的趋势。蓝色连续光谱(409.2 nm)的变化相当平坦,而红色连续光谱(607.1 nm)的变化在反相的边缘,尽管这个结果对图像中安静太阳水平的准确评估非常敏感。这些结果提供了进一步的见解,总太阳辐照度的长期变化。可见光的变化幅度低于处理的不确定性,这妨碍了对变化相位的评估。

英文摘要:

Total solar irradiance (TSI) has been monitored from space since 1978. The measurements show a prominent variability in phase with the solar cycle, as well as fluctuations on timescales shorter than a few days. However, the measurements were done by multiple and usually relatively short-lived missions making the possible long-term trend in the TSI highly uncertain. While the variability in the UV irradiance is clearly in-phase with the solar cycle, the phase of the variability in the visible range has been debated. In this paper, we aim at getting an insight into the long-term trend of TSI since 1996 and the phase of the solar irradiance variations in the visible part of the spectrum. We use independent ground-based full-disc photometric observations in Ca~II~K and continuum from the Rome and San Fernando observatories to compute the TSI since 1996. We follow the empirical San Fernando approach based on the photometric sum index. We find a weak declining trend in the TSI of -7.8$^{+4.9}_{-0.8}\times10^{-3}$ Wm$^{-2}$y$^{-1}$ between the 1996 and 2008 activity minima, while between 2008 and 2019 the reconstructed TSI shows no trend to a marginally decreasing (but statistically insignificant) trend of -0.1$^{+0.25}_{-0.02}\times10^{-3}$ Wm$^{-2}$y$^{-1}$. The reference TSI series used for the reconstruction does not significantly affect the determined trend. The variation in the blue continuum (409.2 nm) is rather flat, while the variation in the red continuum (607.1 nm) is marginally in anti-phase, although this result is extremely sensitive to the accurate assessment of the quiet Sun level in the images. These results provide further insights into the long-term variation of the total solar irradiance. The amplitude of the variations in the visible is below the uncertainties of the processing, which prevents an assessment of the phase of the variations.

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